#398

開発環境で動作確認したらマージする．

Reviewed-on: #392

backend/app/controllers/materials_controller.rb

@@ -89,15 +89,13 @@ class MaterialsController < ApplicationController
 
     begin
       Material.transaction do
-        tag_name = TagName.find_undiscard_or_create_by!(name: tag_name_raw)
+        tag = resolve_material_tag!(tag_name_raw)
-        tag = tag_name.tag
-        tag = Tag.create!(tag_name:, category: :material) unless tag
-
         material = Material.new(tag:, url:,
                                 created_by_user: current_user,
                                 updated_by_user: current_user)
         material.file.attach(uploaded_blob) if uploaded_blob
         material.save!
+        TagVersioning.record_tag_snapshot!(tag, created_by_user: current_user)
         upsert_export_paths!(material)
         MaterialVersionRecorder.record!(material:, event_type: :create,
                                         created_by_user: current_user)
@@ -139,10 +137,7 @@ class MaterialsController < ApplicationController
     begin
       Material.transaction do
         MaterialVersionRecorder.ensure_snapshot!(material, created_by_user: current_user)
-        tag_name = TagName.find_undiscard_or_create_by!(name: tag_name_raw)
+        tag = resolve_material_tag!(tag_name_raw)
-        tag = tag_name.tag
-        tag = Tag.create!(tag_name:, category: :material) unless tag
-
         material.assign_attributes(tag:, url:, updated_by_user: current_user)
         if uploaded_blob
           material.file.attach(uploaded_blob)
@@ -150,6 +145,7 @@ class MaterialsController < ApplicationController
           material.file.detach
         end
         material.save!
+        TagVersioning.record_tag_snapshot!(tag, created_by_user: current_user)
         upsert_export_paths!(material)
         MaterialVersionRecorder.record!(material:, event_type: :update,
                                         created_by_user: current_user)
@@ -240,6 +236,12 @@ class MaterialsController < ApplicationController
     nil
   end
 
+  def resolve_material_tag! tag_name_raw
+    tag_name = TagName.find_undiscard_or_create_by!(name: tag_name_raw)
+    tag = tag_name.tag
+    tag || Tag.create!(tag_name:, category: :material)
+  end
+
   def material_index_needs_tag_name? filters
     filters[:q].present? || filters[:sort] == 'tag_name'
   end

backend/app/controllers/preview_controller.rb

@@ -1,50 +1,57 @@
 class PreviewController < ApplicationController
+  before_action :require_member!
+
   def title
-    # TODO: # 既知サイトなら決まったフォーマットで title 取得するやぅに．
+    return render_bad_request('URL は必須です．') if params[:url].blank?
-    return head :unauthorized unless current_user
 
-    url = params[:url]
+    render json: { title: Preview::ThumbnailFetcher.title(params[:url]) }
-    return render_bad_request('URL は必須です．') unless url.present?
+  rescue Preview::UrlSafety::UnsafeUrl => e
-
-    unless url.start_with?(/http(s)?:\/\//)
-      url = 'http://' + url
-    end
-
-    html = URI.open(url, open_timeout: 5, read_timeout: 5).read
-    doc = Nokogiri::HTML.parse(html)
-    title = doc.at('title')&.text&.strip
-
-    render json: { title: title }
-  rescue => e
     render_bad_request(e.message)
+  rescue Preview::HttpFetcher::FetchTimeout => e
+    render_preview_error(e.message, :gateway_timeout)
+  rescue Preview::HttpFetcher::ResponseTooLarge => e
+    render_preview_error(e.message, :payload_too_large)
+  rescue Preview::HttpFetcher::FetchFailed => e
+    render_preview_error(e.message, :bad_gateway)
   end
 
   def thumbnail
-    # TODO: 既知ドメインであれば指定のアドレスからサムネールを取得するやぅにする．
+    return render_bad_request('URL は必須です．') if params[:url].blank?
 
+    image = MiniMagick::Image.read(Preview::ThumbnailFetcher.fetch(params[:url]))
+    image.auto_orient
+    image.resize '180x180>'
+    image.format 'png'
+    width, height = image.dimensions
+    raise Preview::ThumbnailFetcher::GenerationFailed, 'サムネール画像の変換に失敗しました．' if width > 180 || height > 180
+
+    send_data image.to_blob, type: 'image/png', disposition: 'inline'
+  rescue Preview::UrlSafety::UnsafeUrl => e
+    render_bad_request(e.message)
+  rescue Preview::HttpFetcher::FetchTimeout => e
+    render_preview_error(e.message, :gateway_timeout)
+  rescue Preview::HttpFetcher::ResponseTooLarge => e
+    render_preview_error(e.message, :payload_too_large)
+  rescue Preview::HttpFetcher::FetchFailed => e
+    render_preview_error(e.message, :bad_gateway)
+  rescue Preview::ThumbnailFetcher::GenerationFailed, MiniMagick::Error => e
+    render_unprocessable_entity(e.message)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def require_member!
     return head :unauthorized unless current_user
+    return if current_user.gte_member?
 
-    url = params[:url]
+    head :forbidden
-    return render_bad_request('URL は必須です．') if url.blank?
-
-    unless url.start_with?(/http(s)?:\/\//)
-      url = 'http://' + url
   end
 
-    path = Rails.root.join('tmp', "thumb_#{ SecureRandom.hex }.png")
+  def render_preview_error(message, status)
-    system("node #{ Rails.root }/lib/screenshot.js #{ Shellwords.escape(url) } #{ path }")
+    render json: { type: status.to_s,
-
+                   message:,
-    if File.exist?(path)
-      image = MiniMagick::Image.open(path)
-      image.resize '180x180'
-      File.delete(path) rescue nil
-      send_file image.path, type: 'image/png', disposition: 'inline'
-    else
-      render json: { type: 'internal_server_error',
-                     message: 'サムネールを生成できませんでした．',
                    errors: { },
-                     base_errors: ['サムネールを生成できませんでした．'] },
+                   base_errors: [message] },
-             status: :internal_server_error
+           status:
-    end
   end
 end

backend/app/services/preview/html_metadata_extractor.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+module Preview
+  class HtmlMetadataExtractor
+    IMAGE_SELECTORS = [
+      'meta[property="og:image"]',
+      'meta[name="twitter:image"]',
+      'meta[name="thumbnail"]'
+    ].freeze
+
+    def self.extract(response)
+      document = Nokogiri::HTML.parse(response.body)
+      image_url = IMAGE_SELECTORS.filter_map {
+        document.at_css(_1)&.[]('content')&.strip.presence
+      }.first
+
+      { title: document.at_css('title')&.text&.strip,
+        image_url: image_url ? URI.join(response.url, image_url).to_s : nil }
+    rescue URI::InvalidURIError
+      { title: document.at_css('title')&.text&.strip, image_url: nil }
+    end
+  end
+end

backend/app/services/preview/http_fetcher.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+require 'net/http'
+require 'json'
+
+module Preview
+  class HttpFetcher
+    class FetchFailed < StandardError; end
+    class FetchTimeout < FetchFailed; end
+    class ResponseTooLarge < FetchFailed; end
+
+    MAX_REDIRECTS = 5
+    DEFAULT_MAX_BYTES = 5.megabytes
+
+    Response = Data.define(:body, :content_type, :url)
+
+    def self.fetch(raw_url, max_bytes: DEFAULT_MAX_BYTES, redirects: MAX_REDIRECTS)
+      uri, addresses = UrlSafety.validate(raw_url)
+      response = request(uri, addresses.first, max_bytes)
+
+      if response.is_a?(Net::HTTPRedirection)
+        location = response['location']
+        if redirects.zero?
+          log_failure(:redirect_limit,
+                      url: uri.to_s,
+                      redirects:,
+                      location:,
+                      content_type: response['content-type'],
+                      content_length: response['content-length'])
+          raise FetchFailed, 'redirect が多すぎます．'
+        end
+
+        if location.blank?
+          log_failure(:blank_redirect_location,
+                      url: uri.to_s,
+                      redirects:,
+                      content_type: response['content-type'],
+                      content_length: response['content-length'])
+          raise FetchFailed, 'redirect 先が不正です．'
+        end
+
+        redirect_url =
+            begin
+              URI.join(uri, location).to_s
+            rescue URI::InvalidURIError => e
+              log_failure(:invalid_redirect_location,
+                          url: uri.to_s,
+                          redirects:,
+                          location:,
+                          error: e.class.name,
+                          message: e.message)
+              raise FetchFailed, 'redirect 先が不正です．'
+            end
+
+        return fetch(redirect_url, max_bytes:, redirects: redirects - 1)
+      end
+
+      unless response.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
+        log_failure(:http_status,
+                    url: uri.to_s,
+                    code: response.code,
+                    content_type: response['content-type'],
+                    content_length: response['content-length'])
+        raise FetchFailed, "外部サーバーが HTTP #{ response.code } を返しました．"
+      end
+
+      Response.new(response.body, response['content-type'].to_s, uri.to_s)
+    rescue Net::OpenTimeout, Net::ReadTimeout, Timeout::Error => e
+      log_failure(:timeout, url: uri&.to_s || raw_url, error: e.class.name, message: e.message)
+      raise FetchTimeout, e.message
+    rescue SocketError, SystemCallError, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, EOFError => e
+      log_failure(:network_error, url: uri&.to_s || raw_url, error: e.class.name, message: e.message)
+      raise FetchFailed, e.message
+    end
+
+    def self.request(uri, ip_address, max_bytes)
+      http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
+      http.ipaddr = ip_address
+      http.use_ssl = uri.scheme == 'https'
+      http.open_timeout = 5
+      http.read_timeout = 8
+      http.write_timeout = 5
+
+      request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
+      request['User-Agent'] = 'BTRC-Hub thumbnail preview'
+      request['Accept'] = 'text/html,image/*;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.1'
+
+      http.request(request) do |response|
+        length = response['content-length'].to_i
+        if length > max_bytes
+          log_failure(:response_too_large,
+                      url: uri.to_s,
+                      content_type: response['content-type'],
+                      content_length: response['content-length'],
+                      max_bytes:)
+          raise ResponseTooLarge, '外部データが大きすぎます．'
+        end
+
+        body = +''
+        response.read_body do |chunk|
+          body << chunk
+          next unless body.bytesize > max_bytes
+
+          log_failure(:response_too_large,
+                      url: uri.to_s,
+                      content_type: response['content-type'],
+                      content_length: response['content-length'],
+                      bytes_read: body.bytesize,
+                      max_bytes:)
+          raise ResponseTooLarge, '外部データが大きすぎます．'
+        end
+        response.instance_variable_set(:@body, body)
+        response.instance_variable_set(:@read, true)
+        return response
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.log_failure(reason, **payload)
+      Rails.logger.warn("preview_http_fetcher_failure #{ { reason:, **payload }.to_json }")
+    end
+
+    private_class_method :request, :log_failure
+  end
+end

backend/app/services/preview/known_site_extractor.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+module Preview
+  class KnownSiteExtractor
+    def self.thumbnail_url(uri)
+      youtube_thumbnail(uri)
+    end
+
+    def self.niconico_video_id(uri)
+      case uri.host&.downcase
+      when 'www.nicovideo.jp', 'nicovideo.jp'
+        uri.path[%r{\A/watch/(sm\d+)\z}, 1]
+      when 'nico.ms'
+        uri.path[%r{\A/(sm\d+)\z}, 1]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.youtube_thumbnail(uri)
+      id =
+          case uri.host&.downcase
+          when 'youtu.be'
+            uri.path.split('/').reject(&:blank?).first
+          when 'www.youtube.com', 'youtube.com', 'm.youtube.com'
+            uri.path == '/watch' ? URI.decode_www_form(uri.query.to_s).to_h['v'] : nil
+          end
+      return unless id&.match?(/\A[A-Za-z0-9_-]{6,20}\z/)
+
+      "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/#{ id }/hqdefault.jpg"
+    end
+
+    private_class_method :youtube_thumbnail
+  end
+end

backend/app/services/preview/thumbnail_fetcher.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+module Preview
+  class ThumbnailFetcher
+    class GenerationFailed < StandardError; end
+    ALLOWED_IMAGE_CONTENT_TYPES = [
+      'image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif', 'image/webp'
+    ].freeze
+    HTML_MAX_BYTES = 1.megabyte
+    NICONICO_XML_MAX_BYTES = 256.kilobytes
+
+    def self.fetch(raw_url)
+      uri, = UrlSafety.validate(raw_url)
+
+      known_url = KnownSiteExtractor.thumbnail_url(uri)
+      image = fetch_image_or_nil(known_url) if known_url
+      return image if image
+
+      niconico_url = niconico_thumbnail_url(uri)
+      image = fetch_image_or_nil(niconico_url) if niconico_url
+      return image if image
+
+      page = HttpFetcher.fetch(uri.to_s, max_bytes: HTML_MAX_BYTES)
+      metadata = HtmlMetadataExtractor.extract(page)
+      raise GenerationFailed, 'サムネール画像が見つかりませんでした．' if metadata[:image_url].blank?
+
+      fetch_image!(metadata[:image_url])
+    end
+
+    def self.title(raw_url)
+      uri, = UrlSafety.validate(raw_url)
+      HtmlMetadataExtractor.extract(
+          HttpFetcher.fetch(uri.to_s, max_bytes: HTML_MAX_BYTES))[:title]
+    end
+
+    def self.fetch_image_or_nil(url)
+      return nil if url.blank?
+
+      response = HttpFetcher.fetch(url)
+      return nil unless allowed_image_content_type?(response.content_type)
+
+      response.body
+    rescue HttpFetcher::FetchTimeout
+      raise
+    rescue HttpFetcher::FetchFailed
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def self.fetch_image!(url)
+      response = HttpFetcher.fetch(url)
+      unless allowed_image_content_type?(response.content_type)
+        raise GenerationFailed, 'サムネール画像が見つかりませんでした．'
+      end
+
+      response.body
+    rescue HttpFetcher::FetchTimeout
+      raise
+    rescue HttpFetcher::ResponseTooLarge
+      raise
+    rescue HttpFetcher::FetchFailed
+      raise GenerationFailed, 'サムネール画像を取得できませんでした．'
+    end
+
+    def self.niconico_thumbnail_url(uri)
+      video_id = KnownSiteExtractor.niconico_video_id(uri)
+      return nil if video_id.blank?
+
+      response = HttpFetcher.fetch("https://ext.nicovideo.jp/api/getthumbinfo/#{ video_id }",
+                                   max_bytes: NICONICO_XML_MAX_BYTES)
+      xml = Nokogiri::XML(response.body)
+      return nil unless xml.at_xpath('/nicovideo_thumb_response/@status')&.value == 'ok'
+
+      xml.at_xpath('//thumbnail_url')&.text&.strip.presence
+    rescue HttpFetcher::FetchFailed, HttpFetcher::FetchTimeout => e
+      Rails.logger.info("preview_niconico_getthumbinfo_fallback #{ { url: uri.to_s,
+                                                                     video_id:,
+                                                                     error: e.class.name,
+                                                                     message: e.message }.to_json }")
+      nil
+    rescue Nokogiri::XML::SyntaxError => e
+      Rails.logger.info("preview_niconico_getthumbinfo_fallback #{ { url: uri.to_s,
+                                                                     video_id:,
+                                                                     error: e.class.name,
+                                                                     message: e.message }.to_json }")
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def self.allowed_image_content_type?(content_type)
+      mime_type = content_type.to_s.split(';', 2).first.downcase.strip
+      ALLOWED_IMAGE_CONTENT_TYPES.include?(mime_type)
+    end
+
+    private_class_method :fetch_image_or_nil, :fetch_image!,
+                         :niconico_thumbnail_url,
+                         :allowed_image_content_type?
+  end
+end

backend/app/services/preview/url_safety.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+require 'resolv'
+require 'ipaddr'
+require 'uri'
+
+module Preview
+  class UrlSafety
+    class UnsafeUrl < StandardError; end
+
+    FORBIDDEN_NETWORKS = [
+      '0.0.0.0/8', '10.0.0.0/8', '100.64.0.0/10', '127.0.0.0/8',
+      '169.254.0.0/16', '172.16.0.0/12', '192.0.0.0/24',
+      '192.0.2.0/24', '192.168.0.0/16', '198.18.0.0/15',
+      '198.51.100.0/24', '203.0.113.0/24', '224.0.0.0/4',
+      '240.0.0.0/4', '::/128', '::1/128', 'fc00::/7', 'fe80::/10',
+      'ff00::/8', '2001:db8::/32', '::ffff:0:0/96'
+    ].map { IPAddr.new(_1) }.freeze
+
+    def self.validate(raw_url)
+      value = raw_url.to_s.strip
+      if value.match?(/\A[a-z][a-z0-9+\-.]*:/i)
+        unless value.match?(/\Ahttps?:\/\//i)
+          raise UnsafeUrl, 'http または https の URL を指定してください．'
+        end
+      else
+        value = "http://#{ value }"
+      end
+      uri = URI.parse(value)
+
+      unless ['http', 'https'].include?(uri.scheme&.downcase) && uri.host.present?
+        raise UnsafeUrl, 'http または https の URL を指定してください．'
+      end
+      raise UnsafeUrl, 'userinfo つき URL は使用できません．' if uri.userinfo.present?
+
+      addresses = Resolv.getaddresses(uri.host)
+      raise UnsafeUrl, 'URL のホストを解決できません．' if addresses.empty?
+
+      parsed_addresses = addresses.map { IPAddr.new(_1) }
+      if parsed_addresses.any? { |address| forbidden?(address) }
+        raise UnsafeUrl, '安全でない接続先は使用できません．'
+      end
+
+      [uri, parsed_addresses.map(&:to_s)]
+    rescue Resolv::ResolvError
+      raise UnsafeUrl, 'URL のホストを解決できません．'
+    rescue URI::InvalidURIError, IPAddr::InvalidAddressError
+      raise UnsafeUrl, 'URL が不正です．'
+    end
+
+    def self.forbidden?(address)
+      FORBIDDEN_NETWORKS.any? { _1.include?(address) }
+    end
+
+    private_class_method :forbidden?
+  end
+end

backend/lib/package.json

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "lib",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "main": "screenshot.js",
-  "scripts": {
-    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
-  },
-  "keywords": [],
-  "author": "",
-  "license": "ISC",
-  "description": "",
-  "dependencies": {
-    "puppeteer": "^24.10.0"
-  }
-}

backend/lib/screenshot.js

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-const puppeteer = require ('puppeteer')
-const fs = require ('fs')
-
-
-void (async () => {
-  const url = process.argv[2]
-  const output = process.argv[3]
-
-  const browser = await puppeteer.launch ({
-      args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox'] })
-
-  const page = await browser.newPage ()
-  await page.setViewport ({ width: 960, height: 960 })
-  await page.goto (url, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2', timeout: 15000 })
-
-  await page.screenshot ({ path: output })
-  await browser.close ()
-}) ()

backend/spec/requests/materials_spec.rb

@@ -287,6 +287,25 @@ RSpec.describe 'Materials API', type: :request do
         expect(json.dig('export_paths', 'legacy_drive')).to eq('伊地知ニジカ/created.png')
       end
 
+      it 'creates a create tag_version for a newly created material tag' do
+        expect do
+          post '/materials', params: {
+            tag: 'material_create_versioned_tag',
+            file: dummy_upload(filename: 'created.png')
+          }
+        end.to change(TagVersion, :count).by(1)
+
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
+
+        tag = Tag.joins(:tag_name).find_by!(tag_names: { name: 'material_create_versioned_tag' })
+        version = tag.tag_versions.order(:version_no).last
+
+        expect(version.event_type).to eq('create')
+        expect(version.name).to eq('material_create_versioned_tag')
+        expect(version.category).to eq('material')
+        expect(version.created_by_user).to eq(member_user)
+      end
+
       it 'snapshots attached file metadata and sha256' do
         post '/materials', params: {
           tag: 'material_create_file_version',
@@ -466,6 +485,73 @@ RSpec.describe 'Materials API', type: :request do
         expect(json.dig('tag', 'name')).to eq('material_update_new')
       end
 
+      it 'creates a create tag_version when update creates a new tag' do
+        expect do
+          put "/materials/#{ material.id }", params: {
+            tag: 'material_update_versioned_tag',
+            file: dummy_upload(filename: 'updated.png')
+          }
+        end.to change(Tag, :count).by(1)
+          .and change(TagName, :count).by(1)
+          .and change(TagVersion, :count).by(1)
+
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
+
+        tag = Tag.joins(:tag_name).find_by!(tag_names: { name: 'material_update_versioned_tag' })
+        version = tag.tag_versions.order(:version_no).last
+
+        expect(version.event_type).to eq('create')
+        expect(version.name).to eq('material_update_versioned_tag')
+        expect(version.category).to eq('material')
+        expect(version.created_by_user).to eq(member_user)
+      end
+
+      it 'backfills a create tag_version for an existing material tag without history' do
+        existing_tag =
+            Tag.create!(tag_name: TagName.create!(name: 'material_update_existing_no_history'),
+                        category: :material)
+
+        expect(existing_tag.tag_versions).to be_empty
+
+        expect do
+          put "/materials/#{ material.id }", params: {
+            tag: 'material_update_existing_no_history',
+            file: dummy_upload(filename: 'updated.png')
+          }
+        end.to change(TagVersion, :count).by(1)
+
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
+
+        version = existing_tag.reload.tag_versions.order(:version_no).last
+        expect(version.event_type).to eq('create')
+        expect(version.name).to eq('material_update_existing_no_history')
+        expect(version.category).to eq('material')
+        expect(version.created_by_user).to eq(member_user)
+      end
+
+      it 'backfills a create tag_version for an existing character tag without history' do
+        existing_tag =
+            Tag.create!(tag_name: TagName.create!(name: 'material_update_character_no_history'),
+                        category: :character)
+
+        expect(existing_tag.tag_versions).to be_empty
+
+        expect do
+          put "/materials/#{ material.id }", params: {
+            tag: 'material_update_character_no_history',
+            file: dummy_upload(filename: 'updated.png')
+          }
+        end.to change(TagVersion, :count).by(1)
+
+        expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
+
+        version = existing_tag.reload.tag_versions.order(:version_no).last
+        expect(version.event_type).to eq('create')
+        expect(version.name).to eq('material_update_character_no_history')
+        expect(version.category).to eq('character')
+        expect(version.created_by_user).to eq(member_user)
+      end
+
       it 'detaches the existing file without purging blob when url replaces file' do
         old_blob_id = material.file.blob.id
 
@@ -494,6 +580,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Materials API', type: :request do
       it 'does not increase version for the same snapshot update' do
         MaterialVersionRecorder.record!(material:, event_type: :create,
                                         created_by_user: member_user)
+        TagVersioning.ensure_snapshot!(tag, created_by_user: member_user)
 
         expect do
           put "/materials/#{ material.id }", params: {
@@ -501,6 +588,8 @@ RSpec.describe 'Materials API', type: :request do
           }
         end.not_to change(MaterialVersion, :count)
 
+        expect(tag.reload.tag_versions.count).to eq(1)
+
         expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
         expect(material.reload.version_no).to eq(1)
       end

backend/spec/requests/preview_spec.rb

@@ -1,28 +1,46 @@
-require "rails_helper"
+require 'rails_helper'
 
 
-RSpec.describe "Preview", type: :request do
+RSpec.describe 'Preview', type: :request do
-  describe "GET /preview/title" do
+  describe 'GET /preview/title' do
-    it "401 unless logged in" do
+    it '401 unless logged in' do
       sign_out
-      get "/preview/title", params: { url: "example.com" }
+      get '/preview/title', params: { url: 'example.com' }
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:unauthorized)
     end
 
-    it "400 when url blank" do
+    it '403 when logged in as guest' do
-      sign_in_as(create(:user))
+      sign_in_as(create(:user, :guest))
-      get "/preview/title", params: { url: "" }
+      get '/preview/title', params: { url: 'example.com' }
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:forbidden)
+    end
+
+    it '400 when url blank' do
+      sign_in_as(create(:user, :member))
+      get '/preview/title', params: { url: '' }
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:bad_request)
     end
 
-    it "returns parsed title (stubbing URI.open)" do
+    it 'returns parsed title' do
-      sign_in_as(create(:user))
+      sign_in_as(create(:user, :member))
-      fake_html = "<html><head><title>  Hello  </title></head></html>"
+      allow(Preview::ThumbnailFetcher)
-      allow(URI).to receive(:open).and_return(StringIO.new(fake_html))
+          .to receive(:title)
+          .with('example.com')
+          .and_return('Hello')
 
-      get "/preview/title", params: { url: "example.com" }
+      get '/preview/title', params: { url: 'example.com' }
       expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
-      expect(json["title"]).to eq("Hello")
+      expect(json['title']).to eq('Hello')
+    end
+
+    it '413 when fetched response is too large' do
+      sign_in_as(create(:user, :member))
+      allow(Preview::ThumbnailFetcher)
+          .to receive(:title)
+          .and_raise(Preview::HttpFetcher::ResponseTooLarge, '外部データが大きすぎます．')
+
+      get '/preview/title', params: { url: 'example.com' }
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:payload_too_large)
     end
   end
 end

backend/spec/services/preview/http_fetcher_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Preview::HttpFetcher do
+  describe '.fetch' do
+    it 'raises FetchFailed when redirect location is invalid' do
+      redirect = Net::HTTPFound.new('1.1', '302', 'Found')
+      redirect['location'] = 'http://[invalid'
+
+      allow(Preview::UrlSafety).to receive(:validate)
+          .with('https://example.com/page')
+          .and_return([URI.parse('https://example.com/page'), ['203.0.113.10']])
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:request)
+          .and_return(redirect)
+      allow(Rails.logger).to receive(:warn)
+
+      expect {
+        described_class.fetch('https://example.com/page')
+      }.to raise_error(Preview::HttpFetcher::FetchFailed)
+      expect(Rails.logger).to have_received(:warn)
+          .with(/invalid_redirect_location/)
+    end
+  end
+end

backend/spec/services/preview/thumbnail_fetcher_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Preview::ThumbnailFetcher do
+  describe '.fetch' do
+    it 'rejects svg thumbnails' do
+      page = Preview::HttpFetcher::Response.new(
+          '<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/thumb.svg">',
+          'text/html',
+          'https://example.com/page')
+      svg = Preview::HttpFetcher::Response.new(
+          '<svg></svg>',
+          'image/svg+xml',
+          'https://example.com/thumb.svg')
+
+      allow(Preview::UrlSafety).to receive(:validate)
+          .and_return([URI.parse('https://example.com/page'), ['203.0.113.10']])
+      allow(Preview::HttpFetcher).to receive(:fetch)
+          .with('https://example.com/page', max_bytes: described_class::HTML_MAX_BYTES)
+          .and_return(page)
+      allow(Preview::HttpFetcher).to receive(:fetch)
+          .with('https://example.com/thumb.svg')
+          .and_return(svg)
+
+      expect {
+        described_class.fetch('https://example.com/page')
+      }.to raise_error(Preview::ThumbnailFetcher::GenerationFailed)
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts allowed image content type with parameters' do
+      page = Preview::HttpFetcher::Response.new(
+          '<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/thumb.jpg">',
+          'text/html',
+          'https://example.com/page')
+      image = Preview::HttpFetcher::Response.new(
+          'jpeg-bytes',
+          'image/jpeg; charset=binary',
+          'https://example.com/thumb.jpg')
+
+      allow(Preview::UrlSafety).to receive(:validate)
+          .and_return([URI.parse('https://example.com/page'), ['203.0.113.10']])
+      allow(Preview::HttpFetcher).to receive(:fetch)
+          .with('https://example.com/page', max_bytes: described_class::HTML_MAX_BYTES)
+          .and_return(page)
+      allow(Preview::HttpFetcher).to receive(:fetch)
+          .with('https://example.com/thumb.jpg')
+          .and_return(image)
+
+      expect(described_class.fetch('https://example.com/page')).to eq('jpeg-bytes')
+    end
+  end
+end

backend/spec/services/preview/url_safety_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Preview::UrlSafety do
+  describe '.validate' do
+    it 'raises UnsafeUrl when DNS resolution fails' do
+      allow(Resolv).to receive(:getaddresses)
+          .with('missing.example')
+          .and_raise(Resolv::ResolvError)
+
+      expect {
+        described_class.validate('https://missing.example')
+      }.to raise_error(Preview::UrlSafety::UnsafeUrl)
+    end
+  end
+end

frontend/src/components/DraggableDroppableTagRow.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import DraggableDroppableTagRow from '@/components/DraggableDroppableTagRow'
+import { buildTag } from '@/test/factories'
+import { renderWithProviders } from '@/test/render'
+
+const dndKit = vi.hoisted (() => ({
+  useDraggable: vi.fn (),
+  useDroppable: vi.fn (),
+}))
+
+vi.mock ('@dnd-kit/core', () => dndKit)
+
+const tag = buildTag ({ id: 7, name: 'ドラッグ元', postCount: 3 })
+
+const renderRow = (activeDndId?: string) => {
+  renderWithProviders (
+      <DraggableDroppableTagRow
+          activeDndId={activeDndId}
+          tag={tag}
+          nestLevel={2}
+          pathKey="cat-general-7"
+          suppressClickRef={{ current: false }}/>,
+  )
+}
+
+const tagBody = (): HTMLElement => {
+  const link = document.querySelector<HTMLElement> ('a[title="ドラッグ元"]')
+
+  if (link == null)
+    throw new Error ('tag link not found')
+
+  const body = link.closest ('div')
+
+  if (body == null)
+    throw new Error ('tag body not found')
+
+  return body
+}
+
+describe ('DraggableDroppableTagRow', () => {
+  beforeEach (() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks ()
+    dndKit.useDraggable.mockReturnValue ({
+        attributes: { 'aria-describedby': 'drag-source' },
+        listeners:  { onPointerDown: vi.fn () },
+        setNodeRef: vi.fn (),
+        transform:  null })
+    dndKit.useDroppable.mockReturnValue ({
+        isOver:     false,
+        setNodeRef: vi.fn () })
+  })
+
+  it ('passes dndId through draggable data for active-row tracking', () => {
+    renderRow ()
+
+    expect (dndKit.useDraggable).toHaveBeenCalledWith (
+        expect.objectContaining ({
+            id:   'tag-node:cat-general-7',
+            data: expect.objectContaining ({
+                dndId:     'tag-node:cat-general-7',
+                nestLevel: 2,
+                tagId:     7 }) }))
+  })
+
+  it ('hides only the active drag source from the explicit active dnd id', () => {
+    renderRow ('tag-node:cat-general-7')
+    expect (tagBody ()).toHaveStyle ({ visibility: 'hidden' })
+  })
+
+  it ('keeps inactive tag rows visible while another tag is dragged', () => {
+    renderRow ('tag-node:other')
+    expect (tagBody ()).toHaveStyle ({ visibility: 'visible' })
+  })
+})

frontend/src/components/DraggableDroppableTagRow.tsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import type { CSSProperties, FC, MutableRefObject } from 'react'
 import type { Tag } from '@/types'
 
 type Props = {
+    activeDndId?:      string
     tag:              Tag
     nestLevel:        number
     pathKey:          string
@@ -21,7 +22,15 @@ type Props = {
     sp?:              boolean }
 
 
-const DraggableDroppableTagRow: FC<Props> = ({ tag, nestLevel, pathKey, parentTagId, suppressClickRef, sp }) => {
+const DraggableDroppableTagRow: FC<Props> = ({
+    activeDndId,
+    tag,
+    nestLevel,
+    pathKey,
+    parentTagId,
+    suppressClickRef,
+    sp,
+}) => {
   const behaviourSettings = useClientBehaviourSettings ()
   const animationMode = behaviourSettings.animation ?? 'normal'
   const layoutTransition = clientAnimationTransition (
@@ -53,18 +62,23 @@ const DraggableDroppableTagRow: FC<Props> = ({ tag, nestLevel, pathKey, parentTa
   const { attributes,
 	  listeners,
 	  setNodeRef: setDragRef,
-	  transform,
+	  transform } = useDraggable ({ id:    dndId,
-	  isDragging: dragging } = useDraggable ({ id:    dndId,
 					data:  { kind:   'tag',
+						 dndId,
 						 tagId:  tag.id,
-							    parentTagId } })
+						 parentTagId,
+						 nestLevel } })
 
   const { setNodeRef: setDropRef, isOver: over } = useDroppable ({
       id:   dndId,
       data: { kind: 'tag', tagId: tag.id } })
 
+  const activeDragging = activeDndId === dndId
   const style: CSSProperties = { transform:   CSS.Translate.toString (transform),
-				 visibility:  dragging ? 'hidden' : 'visible' }
+				 visibility:  activeDragging ? 'hidden' : 'visible' }
+  const innerClassName = cn (
+      'inline-flex min-w-0 max-w-full items-baseline overflow-hidden',
+      sp && 'touch-pan-y')
 
   return (
       <div
@@ -77,12 +91,16 @@ const DraggableDroppableTagRow: FC<Props> = ({ tag, nestLevel, pathKey, parentTa
 	      return
 	    const dx = e.clientX - p.x
 	    const dy = e.clientY - p.y
+
 	    if (dx * dx + dy * dy >= 9)
 	      armEatNextClick ()
 	  }}
 	  onPointerUpCapture={() => {
 	    downPosRef.current = null
 	  }}
+	  onPointerCancelCapture={() => {
+	    downPosRef.current = null
+	  }}
 	  onClickCapture={e => {
 	    if (suppressClickRef.current)
 	      {
@@ -90,24 +108,35 @@ const DraggableDroppableTagRow: FC<Props> = ({ tag, nestLevel, pathKey, parentTa
 		e.stopPropagation ()
 	      }
 	  }}
-	  ref={node => {
+	  ref={setDropRef}
-	    setDragRef (node)
-	    setDropRef (node)
-	  }}
-	  style={style}
 	  className={cn (
 	      'min-w-0 max-w-full overflow-hidden rounded select-none',
+	      sp && 'touch-pan-y',
 	      over && 'ring-2 ring-offset-2')}
+	  >
+	{activeDragging
+	 ? (
+	    <div
+		ref={setDragRef}
+		style={style}
+		className={innerClassName}
 		{...attributes}
 		{...listeners}>
+	      <TagLink tag={tag} nestLevel={nestLevel}/>
+	    </div>)
+	 : (
 	    <motion.div
-	    className="flex min-w-0 max-w-full items-baseline overflow-hidden"
+		ref={setDragRef}
+		style={style}
+		className={innerClassName}
+		{...attributes}
+		{...listeners}
 		transition={{ layout: layoutTransition }}
 		layoutId={animationMode === 'off'
 		    ? undefined
 		    : `tag-${ sp ? 'sp-' : '' }${ tag.id }`}>
 	      <TagLink tag={tag} nestLevel={nestLevel}/>
-	</motion.div>
+	    </motion.div>)}
       </div>)
 }
 

frontend/src/components/TagDetailSidebar.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { DndContext,
 	 DragOverlay,
+	 MeasuringStrategy,
 	 MouseSensor,
 	 TouchSensor,
+	 pointerWithin,
 	 useDroppable,
 	 useSensor,
 	 useSensors } from '@dnd-kit/core'
-import { restrictToWindowEdges } from '@dnd-kit/modifiers'
+import { restrictToWindowEdges, snapCenterToCursor } from '@dnd-kit/modifiers'
 import { useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion'
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react'
@@ -25,15 +27,23 @@ import { postsKeys, tagsKeys } from '@/lib/queryKeys'
 import { useClientBehaviourSettings } from '@/lib/useClientBehaviourSettings'
 import { dateString, originalCreatedAtString } from '@/lib/utils'
 
-import type { DragEndEvent } from '@dnd-kit/core'
+import type { CollisionDetection, DragEndEvent } from '@dnd-kit/core'
 import type { FC, MutableRefObject, ReactNode } from 'react'
 
 import type { Category, Post, TagWithSections } from '@/types'
 
 type TagByCategory = { [key in Category]: TagWithSections[] }
 
+const tagCollisionDetection: CollisionDetection = args => {
+  return pointerWithin (args)
+}
+
+const alwaysMeasureDroppables = {
+    droppable: { strategy: MeasuringStrategy.Always } } as const
+
 
 const renderTagTree = (
+    activeDndId:       string | undefined,
     tag:              TagWithSections,
     nestLevel:        number,
     path:             string,
@@ -45,6 +55,7 @@ const renderTagTree = (
   const self = (
       <li key={key} className="mb-1">
 	<DraggableDroppableTagRow
+	    activeDndId={activeDndId}
 	    tag={tag}
 	    nestLevel={nestLevel}
 	    pathKey={key}
@@ -58,7 +69,14 @@ const renderTagTree = (
       ...((tag.children
 	   ?.sort ((a, b) => a.name < b.name ? -1 : 1)
 	   .flatMap (child =>
-	      renderTagTree (child, nestLevel + 1, key, suppressClickRef, tag.id, sp)))
+	      renderTagTree (
+		  activeDndId,
+		  child,
+		  nestLevel + 1,
+		  key,
+		  suppressClickRef,
+		  tag.id,
+		  sp)))
 	  ?? [])]
 }
 
@@ -177,12 +195,35 @@ const DropSlot = ({ cat }: { cat: Category }) => {
       </li>)
 }
 
+const EmptyCategoryDropSection = (
+    { cat, children }: { cat: Category
+			 children: ReactNode }) => {
+  const { setNodeRef, isOver: over } = useDroppable ({
+      id:   `slot:${ cat }`,
+      data: { kind: 'slot', cat } })
+
+  return (
+      <div ref={setNodeRef} className="my-3">
+	{children}
+	<ul>
+	  <li className="h-1">
+	    {over && <div className="h-0.5 w-full rounded bg-sky-400"/>}
+	  </li>
+	</ul>
+      </div>)
+}
+
 
 type Props = {
     className?: string
     post:       Post
     sp?:        boolean }
 
+type ActiveTagDrag = {
+    dndId:       string
+    tagId:      number
+    nestLevel:  number }
+
 
 const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
   sp = Boolean (sp)
@@ -212,7 +253,7 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
     return tagsTmp
   }, [post])
 
-  const [activeTagId, setActiveTagId] = useState<number | null> (null)
+  const [activeTagDrag, setActiveTagDrag] = useState<ActiveTagDrag | null> (null)
   const [dragging, setDragging] = useState (false)
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState (false)
   const [tags, setTags] = useState (baseTags)
@@ -220,6 +261,7 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
       () => buildFlatTagByCategory (tags),
       [tags],
   )
+  const activeDndId = activeTagDrag?.dndId
 
   const suppressClickRef = useRef (false)
 
@@ -328,9 +370,19 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
 	<TagSearch/>
 	<DndContext
 	    sensors={sensors}
+	    collisionDetection={tagCollisionDetection}
+	    measuring={alwaysMeasureDroppables}
 	    onDragStart={e => {
 	      if (e.active.data.current?.kind === 'tag')
-		setActiveTagId (e.active.data.current?.tagId ?? null)
+		{
+		  const tagId = e.active.data.current?.tagId
+		  const nestLevel = e.active.data.current?.nestLevel
+		  const dndId = e.active.data.current?.dndId
+		  setActiveTagDrag (
+		      tagId == null || nestLevel == null || dndId == null
+		      ? null
+		      : { dndId, tagId, nestLevel })
+		}
 	      setDragging (true)
 	      suppressClickRef.current = true
 	      document.body.style.userSelect = 'none'
@@ -341,13 +393,13 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
 		suppressClickRef.current = false}, { capture: true, once: true })
 	    }}
 	    onDragCancel={() => {
-	      setActiveTagId (null)
+	      setActiveTagDrag (null)
 	      setDragging (false)
 	      document.body.style.userSelect = ''
 	      suppressClickRef.current = false
 	    }}
 	    onDragEnd={async e => {
-	      setActiveTagId (null)
+	      setActiveTagDrag (null)
 	      setDragging (false)
 	      await onDragEnd (e)
 	      document.body.style.userSelect = ''
@@ -362,8 +414,7 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
 	    if (!(categoryTags.length > 0 || dragging))
 	      return null
 
-	    return (
+	    const sectionTitle = (
-		<div className="my-3" key={cat}>
 		<SubsectionTitle>
 		  <motion.div
 		      layoutId={animationMode === 'off'
@@ -372,12 +423,22 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
 		      transition={{ layout: layoutTransition }}>
 		    {CATEGORY_NAMES[cat]}
 		  </motion.div>
-		  </SubsectionTitle>
+		</SubsectionTitle>)
 
+	    if (!(categoryTags.length > 0))
+	      return (
+		  <EmptyCategoryDropSection cat={cat} key={cat}>
+		    {sectionTitle}
+		  </EmptyCategoryDropSection>)
+
+	    return (
+		<div className="my-3" key={cat}>
+		  {sectionTitle}
 		  <ul>
 		    {(tagRelationDisplay === 'grouped'
 		      ? (tags[cat] ?? []).flatMap (tag =>
 			    renderTagTree (
+				activeDndId,
 				tag,
 				0,
 				`cat-${ cat }`,
@@ -389,6 +450,7 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
 		      : (flatTagsByCategory[cat] ?? []).map (tag => (
 			  <li key={`flat-${ cat }-${ tag.id }`} className="mb-1">
 			    <DraggableDroppableTagRow
+				activeDndId={activeDndId}
 				tag={tag}
 				nestLevel={0}
 				pathKey={`flat-${ cat }-${ tag.id }`}
@@ -441,11 +503,14 @@ const TagDetailSidebar: FC<Props> = ({ className, post, sp }) => {
 		</ul>
 	      </motion.div>)}
 
-	  <DragOverlay adjustScale={false}>
+	  <DragOverlay
+	      adjustScale={false}
+	      modifiers={[snapCenterToCursor]}
+	      dropAnimation={animationMode === 'off' ? null : undefined}>
 	    <div className="pointer-events-none">
-	      {activeTagId != null && (() => {
+	      {activeTagDrag != null && (() => {
-		const tag = findTag (tags, activeTagId)
+		const tag = findTag (tags, activeTagDrag.tagId)
-		return tag && <TagLink tag={tag}/>
+		return tag && <TagLink tag={tag} nestLevel={activeTagDrag.nestLevel}/>
 	      }) ()}
 	    </div>
 	  </DragOverlay>