btrc-hub/backend/app/models/ip_address.rb

class IpAddress < ApplicationRecord
  validates :ip_address, presence: true, length: { maximum: 16 }

  has_many :user_ips, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :users, through: :user_ips

  def banned? = banned_at.present?
  def ban! = banned? || update!(banned_at: Time.current)
  def unban! = update!(banned_at: nil)
end