#455

Reviewed-on: #453
Co-authored-by: miteruzo <miteruzo@naver.com>

backend/app/models/history_access.rb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'digest'
 class HistoryAccess < ActiveSupport::CurrentAttributes
   attribute :user
   class Forbidden < StandardError; end
-  ARTIFACT_POLICY = 'counts-private-predicates-4'.freeze
+  ARTIFACT_POLICY = 'counts-masked-summary-1'.freeze
 
   KEYS = { 'post_versions' => ['post_id'], 'tag_versions' => ['tag_id'],
            'nico_tag_versions' => ['tag_id'],

backend/app/services/counts_axes.rb

@@ -1,41 +1,12 @@
 class CountsAxes
   MAX_AXES = 8
-  MASKED_TEXT = '********'.freeze
   MASKED_VALUE = '__counts_private__'.freeze
-  PUBLIC_FIELDS = ['resource_id', 'version_no', 'event_type', 'user',
-                   'created_at'].freeze
+  PUBLIC_FIELDS = ['created_at', 'event_type'].freeze
   class TooManyAxes < ArgumentError; end
   class PrivateCondition < ArgumentError; end
 
   GRAINS = ['year', 'quarter', 'month', 'week', 'day', 'hour'].freeze
 
-  def self.private_field?(field)
-    !PUBLIC_FIELDS.include?(field) && field != 'user.id'
-  end
-
-  def self.visible_ids_sql(definition)
-    "SELECT counts_visible.id FROM #{ definition.table } counts_visible WHERE " +
-        HistoryAccess.sql(definition.model, 'counts_visible')
-  end
-
-  def self.visibility_sql(definition, field)
-    return 'TRUE' if HistoryAccess.admin?
-
-    source = visible_ids_sql(definition)
-    visible = "v.id IN (#{ source })"
-    return visible unless field == 'changed_field'
-
-    "(#{ visible }) AND (previous.id IS NULL OR previous.id IN (#{ source }))"
-  end
-
-  def self.masked_sql(expression, definition, field)
-    return expression if HistoryAccess.admin? || !private_field?(field)
-
-    visible = visibility_sql(definition, field)
-    quoted = ApplicationRecord.connection.quote(MASKED_VALUE)
-    "CASE WHEN #{ visible } THEN #{ expression } ELSE #{ quoted } END"
-  end
-
   def self.time_expression(expression, grain, timezone)
     raise ArgumentError unless GRAINS.include?(grain)
 
@@ -89,9 +60,13 @@ class CountsAxes
         @definition.fields[field] == :datetime ? self.class.time_expression(
             expression, axis.fetch('grain', 'month'), @population.timezone) : expression
       end
-      if !HistoryAccess.admin? && self.class.private_field?(field)
-        expression = self.class.masked_sql(
-            "CAST((#{ expression }) AS CHAR)", @definition, field)
+      if !HistoryAccess.admin? && !PUBLIC_FIELDS.include?(field)
+        visible = HistoryAccess.sql(@definition.model, 'v')
+        if field == 'changed_field'
+          visible = "(#{ visible }) AND (#{ HistoryAccess.sql(@definition.model, 'previous') })"
+        end
+        expression = "CASE WHEN #{ visible } " +
+            "THEN CAST((#{ expression }) AS CHAR) ELSE '#{ MASKED_VALUE }' END"
       end
       expression
     end
@@ -102,12 +77,10 @@ class CountsAxes
     selected = indexes.map { "#{ expressions[_1] } AS a#{ _1 }" }
     identities = ['v.id']
     if rows.any? { _1['field'] == 'tags' }
-      identities << self.class.masked_sql(
-          "COALESCE(CONCAT('internal:', tag_entry.tag_id), " +
-              "CONCAT('external:', tag_entry.external_tag_id))", @definition, 'tags')
-      if rows.any? { _1['field'] == 'changed_field' }
-        identities << self.class.masked_sql('changed.field_key', @definition, 'changed_field')
-      end
+      # Raw identities stay inside COUNT; masked tag occurrences remain additive.
+      identities << "COALESCE(CONCAT('internal:', tag_entry.tag_id), " +
+          "CONCAT('external:', tag_entry.external_tag_id))"
+      identities << 'changed.field_key' if rows.any? { _1['field'] == 'changed_field' }
     end
     members = identities.each_index.map { "counts_member_#{ _1 }" }
     selected += identities.each_with_index.map { |expression, index|
@@ -125,17 +98,8 @@ class CountsAxes
   def joins(fields = all.map { _1['field'] })
     result = ''
     if fields.include?('tags')
-      document = 'CAST(v.tags_json AS JSON)'
-      unless HistoryAccess.admin?
-        visible = self.class.visible_ids_sql(@definition)
-        result += " LEFT JOIN (#{ visible }) counts_tags_visible " +
-            'ON counts_tags_visible.id = v.id '
-        document = "CASE WHEN counts_tags_visible.id IS NOT NULL " +
-            "THEN #{ document } ELSE JSON_ARRAY(" +
-            "JSON_OBJECT('tag_id', 0)) END"
-      end
       result += <<~SQL.squish
-         JOIN JSON_TABLE(#{ document }, '$[*]' COLUMNS (
+         JOIN JSON_TABLE(CAST(v.tags_json AS JSON), '$[*]' COLUMNS (
           tag_id BIGINT PATH '$.tag_id' NULL ON EMPTY,
           external_tag_id BIGINT PATH '$.external_tag_id' NULL ON EMPTY)) tag_entry
 
@@ -148,13 +112,6 @@ class CountsAxes
       condition = @definition.changes.map do |field|
         "(changed.field_key = '#{ field }' AND #{ @population.changed_sql(field) })"
       end.join(' OR ')
-      unless HistoryAccess.admin?
-        visible = self.class.visibility_sql(@definition, 'changed_field')
-        marker = ApplicationRecord.connection.quote(MASKED_VALUE)
-        fields += " UNION ALL SELECT #{ marker } AS field_key"
-        condition = "((#{ visible }) AND (#{ condition })) OR " +
-            "(NOT (#{ visible }) AND changed.field_key = #{ marker })"
-      end
       result += " JOIN (#{ fields }) changed ON (#{ condition })"
     end
     result

backend/app/services/counts_condition.rb

@@ -82,32 +82,14 @@ class CountsCondition
 
   def apply(scope, entry)
     raise ArgumentError unless entry.is_a?(Hash)
-
     if entry['operator'] == 'axis_eq'
       raise ArgumentError unless (entry.keys - ['field', 'operator', 'grain', 'value']).empty?
       value = entry['value']
-      unless (value.nil? || value.is_a?(String) || value.is_a?(Numeric) ||
-          [true, false].include?(value))
+      unless value.nil? || value.is_a?(String) || value.is_a?(Numeric) || [true, false].include?(value)
         raise ArgumentError
       end
       raise ArgumentError if value.is_a?(String) && value.bytesize > 8192
 
-      if (!HistoryAccess.admin? && CountsAxes.private_field?(entry['field']) &&
-          (value == CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE ||
-              (value == CountsAxes::MASKED_TEXT &&
-                  (@definition.fields[entry['field']] != :string ||
-                      ['tags', 'changed_field'].include?(entry['field'])))))
-        field = entry.fetch('field')
-        raise ArgumentError unless @definition.axes(@population.history).include?(field)
-        if entry.key?('grain')
-          unless (@definition.fields[field] == :datetime &&
-              CountsAxes::GRAINS.include?(entry['grain']))
-            raise ArgumentError
-          end
-        end
-        return scope.none
-      end
-      scope = @population.condition_scope(scope, entry.fetch('field'))
       return @population.axis_condition(scope, entry)
     end
     allowed = ['field', 'operator', 'value', 'end', 'blank', 'input', 'values']
@@ -129,13 +111,6 @@ class CountsCondition
 
     source, expression = source_for(field[:key])
     type = field[:type]
-    # Preserve typed input compatibility; display markers are never real typed values.
-    if (!HistoryAccess.admin? && CountsAxes.private_field?(field[:key]) &&
-        entry['value'] == CountsAxes::MASKED_TEXT && type != :string && !entry['blank'])
-      return scope.none unless entry['operator'] == 'ne'
-
-      return @population.condition_scope(scope, field[:key])
-    end
     blank = blank_sql(expression, type)
     if entry['blank']
       sql = if source && field[:collection]
@@ -144,7 +119,6 @@ class CountsCondition
               "NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM #{ source } WHERE NOT (#{ blank }))"
             else blank
             end
-      scope = @population.condition_scope(scope, field[:key])
       return scope.where(Arel.sql(sql))
     end
     if ['in', 'not_in', 'any', 'all', 'none'].include?(entry['operator'])
@@ -157,7 +131,6 @@ class CountsCondition
     validate_enum!(field[:key], parsed.first) if type == :enum
     operator = entry['operator']
     if type == :interval
-      scope = @population.condition_scope(scope, field[:key])
       return interval(scope, source, expression, parsed)
     end
     clauses = []
@@ -185,7 +158,6 @@ class CountsCondition
     elsif operator == 'ne'
       predicate = "(NOT (#{ predicate }) OR #{ blank })"
     end
-    scope = @population.condition_scope(scope, field[:key])
     scope.where(predicate, *binds)
   end
 
@@ -196,13 +168,6 @@ class CountsCondition
 
     values = entry['values']
     raise ArgumentError unless values.is_a?(Array) && values.length <= 100
-    if (!HistoryAccess.admin? && CountsAxes.private_field?(field[:key]) &&
-        values.include?(CountsAxes::MASKED_TEXT) &&
-        (field[:type] != :string || field[:set_type] == 'tag_reference'))
-      return scope.none if entry['operator'] == 'all'
-
-      values = values - [CountsAxes::MASKED_TEXT]
-    end
     raise ArgumentError if [entry['value'], entry['end']].any? { !_1.nil? && _1 != '' }
 
     parsed = values.map do |value|
@@ -226,10 +191,7 @@ class CountsCondition
 
     operator = entry['operator']
     if parsed.empty?
-      return scope.none if ['in', 'any'].include?(operator)
-      return scope if entry['values'].empty?
-
-      return @population.condition_scope(scope, field[:key])
+      return ['in', 'any'].include?(operator) ? scope.none : scope
     end
     source, expression = source_for(field[:key])
     if field[:set_type] == 'tag_reference'
@@ -250,7 +212,6 @@ class CountsCondition
       predicate = source ? "NOT #{ predicate }" :
           "(NOT #{ predicate } OR #{ blank_sql(expression, field[:type]) })"
     end
-    scope = @population.condition_scope(scope, field[:key])
     scope.where(predicate, *parsed)
   end
 

backend/app/services/counts_population.rb

@@ -70,13 +70,6 @@ class CountsPopulation
     @authorisation_flg ? HistoryAccess.sql(model, row) : 'TRUE'
   end
 
-  # Each predicate keeps its own visibility restriction, including OR branches.
-  def condition_scope(scope, field)
-    return scope if HistoryAccess.admin? || !CountsAxes.private_field?(field)
-
-    scope.where(Arel.sql(CountsAxes.visibility_sql(definition, field)))
-  end
-
   def axis_condition(scope, entry)
     raise CountsAxes::PrivateCondition if entry['value'] == CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE
 
@@ -216,7 +209,6 @@ class CountsPopulation
   def apply_tags
     raise ArgumentError unless definition.resource == 'posts'
 
-    @scope = condition_scope(@scope, 'tags')
     if params['tag'].present?
       @scope = @scope.where(snapshot_membership(
           "#{ params.fetch('kind', 'internal') }:#{ params['tag'] }"))

backend/app/services/counts_table_export.rb

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class CountsTableExport
   end
 
   def summary_value(value, index, page)
-    return CountsAxes::MASKED_TEXT if value == CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE
+    return '********' if value == CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE
 
     field = @query.axes.all.fetch(index).fetch('field')
     return @labels.fetch('bot', '') if field == 'user' && value.nil?

backend/app/services/counts_table_query.rb

@@ -220,11 +220,19 @@ class CountsTableQuery
 
   private
 
-  # Private predicates require visibility independently of their operator.
-  # Ordering/measure state must not select a server-only masked coordinate.
+  # Public timeline predicates may include hidden records. Private predicates must
+  # never become a count oracle, even when the selected axes themselves are public.
   def validate_summary_conditions!
     return if mode != 'summary' || HistoryAccess.admin?
 
+    fields = QueryState.records(@params, 'conditions') + QueryState.records(@params, 'drill')
+    private_fields = fields.any? { !CountsAxes::PUBLIC_FIELDS.include?(_1['field']) }
+    keys = ['tags', 'tag', 'kind', 'resource_id', 'user_id']
+    private_parameters = keys.any? do |key|
+      @params.any? { |name, value| (name == key || name.start_with?("#{ key }.")) && value != '' }
+    end
+    raise CountsAxes::PrivateCondition if private_fields || private_parameters
+
     ['column_order', 'measures'].each do |key|
       # Coordinates are compared only to already masked expressions, never raw
       # values. Public coordinates remain sortable; a guessed private ID cannot match.

backend/db/seeds.rb

@@ -9,21 +9,8 @@
 #   end
 
 ApplicationRecord.transaction do
-  Language.find_or_create_by!(code: 'ja') { _1.name = '日本語' }
-  Script.find_or_create_by!(code: 'Jpan') { _1.name = '漢字、仮名文字およびラテン文字' }
-  Region.find_or_create_by!(code: 392) do
-    _1.alpha_code = 'JP'
-    _1.name = '日本国'
-  end
-  Locale.find_or_create_by!(code: 'ja') do
-    _1.language_code = 'ja'
-    _1.script_code = 'Jpan'
-    _1.region_code = 392
-    _1.name = '日本語'
-  end
-
-  Language.find_or_create_by!(code: 'ain') { _1.name = 'ヤウンモシルン　アイヌ　イタㇰ' }
-  Script.find_or_create_by!(code: 'Kana') { _1.name = 'カナモジ　オヨビ　ラテンモジ' }
+  Language.find_or_create_by!(code: 'ain') { _1.name = 'ain' }
+  Script.find_or_create_by!(code: 'Kana') { _1.name = 'Kana' }
 end
 
 post_url_sanitisation_rules = [

backend/spec/requests/counts_masked_search_spec.rb

@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-require 'rails_helper'
-
-RSpec.describe 'Counts masked search', type: :request do
-  let!(:tag) { create(:tag, primary_name: '秘密のタグ') }
-  let(:actor) { create(:user, :member) }
-  let(:admin) { create(:user, :admin) }
-  let(:base) do
-    { 'resource' => 'tags', 'definition' => 'history', 'mode' => 'summary',
-      'locale' => 'ja', 'execution_at' => '2025-01-01T00:00:00Z',
-      'timezone' => 'UTC', 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '', 'sort' => '' }
-  end
-
-  before do
-    [1, 2].each do |number|
-      TagVersion.create!(tag:, version_no: number,
-          event_type: number == 1 ? 'create' : 'discard', name: '秘密のタグ',
-          category: 'general', aliases: '秘密の別名', parent_tag_ids: '',
-          names: { ja: { name: '秘密のタグ', script_code: 'Jpan', auto_generated: false,
-                        aliases: [{ name: '秘密の別名', script_code: 'Jpan' }] } },
-          created_by_user: actor, created_at: Time.utc(2023, number))
-    end
-  end
-
-  def query(extra = {})
-    get '/counts/query', params: base.merge(extra)
-    expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok), extra.inspect
-    response.parsed_body
-  end
-
-  def predicate(field, operator, value, index = 0)
-    prefix = "conditions.#{ index }"
-    result = { 'conditions' => '', "#{ prefix }.field" => field,
-               "#{ prefix }.operator" => operator }
-    if ['in', 'any', 'all', 'none', 'not_in'].include?(operator)
-      result.merge!("#{ prefix }.values" => '1', 'condition_values' => '',
-          "condition_values.#{ index }.condition" => index.to_s,
-          "condition_values.#{ index }.value_type" => 'string',
-          "condition_values.#{ index }.value" => value)
-    else
-      result["#{ prefix }.value"] = value
-    end
-    result
-  end
-
-  it 'rejects every name and alias predicate on private history' do
-    ['name', 'name_ja', 'names.name', 'aliases.name', 'names.aliases.name'].each do |field|
-      secret = field.include?('aliases') ? '秘密の別名' : '秘密のタグ'
-      multiple = !['name', 'name_ja'].include?(field)
-      operators = multiple ? ['any', 'all', 'none'] : ['in', 'not_in']
-      ['eq', 'ne', 'like', *operators].each do |operator|
-        [secret, '********', '%', ''].each do |value|
-          expected = (value == '' && ['eq', 'ne', 'like'].include?(operator)) ? 2 : 0
-          expect(query(predicate(field, operator, value))['count']).to eq(expected)
-        end
-      end
-      blank = predicate(field, 'eq', '').merge('conditions.0.blank' => '1')
-      expect(query(blank)['count']).to eq(0)
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'ignores missing and empty scalar values unless blank is checked' do
-    ['name', 'name_ja', 'names.name', 'aliases.name'].each do |field|
-      ['eq', 'ne', 'like'].each do |operator|
-        condition = predicate(field, operator, '')
-        [condition, condition.except('conditions.0.value')].each do |empty|
-          expect(query(empty)['count']).to eq(2)
-          expect(query(empty.merge('conditions.0.blank' => '0'))['count']).to eq(2)
-          expect(query(empty.merge('conditions.0.blank' => '1'))['count']).to eq(0)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'keeps details totals unchanged for inactive private predicates' do
-    settings = predicate('name', 'ne', '').merge('mode' => 'details')
-    result = query(settings)
-    expect(result['count']).to eq(0)
-    expect(result['versions']).to be_empty
-    expect(result['output_count']).to eq(2)
-    active = query(settings.merge('conditions.0.blank' => '1'))
-    expect(active['output_count']).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it 'ignores missing sets but preserves explicit empty set semantics' do
-    { 'name' => ['in', 'not_in'], 'aliases.name' => ['any', 'all', 'none'] }.each do
-        |field, operators|
-      operators.each do |operator|
-        condition = { 'conditions' => '', 'conditions.0.field' => field,
-                      'conditions.0.operator' => operator }
-        expect(query(condition)['count']).to eq(2)
-        empty = condition.merge('conditions.0.values' => '1', 'condition_values' => '')
-        expected = ['in', 'any'].include?(operator) ? 0 : 2
-        expect(query(empty)['count']).to eq(expected)
-        expect(query(condition.merge('conditions.0.blank' => '1'))['count']).to eq(0)
-        # An explicit empty string element is a real value, not an unspecified set.
-        expect(query(predicate(field, operator, ''))['count']).to eq(0)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'ignores empty private predicates regardless of their position' do
-    first = predicate('name', 'ne', '')
-        .merge(predicate('resource_id', 'eq', tag.id.to_s, 1))
-    last = predicate('resource_id', 'eq', tag.id.to_s)
-        .merge(predicate('aliases.name', 'like', '', 1))
-    expect(query(first)['count']).to eq(2)
-    expect(query(last)['count']).to eq(2)
-    active = predicate('name', 'ne', 'unrelated')
-        .merge(predicate('aliases.name', 'like', '', 1))
-    expect(query(active)['count']).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it 'searches public literal markers and treats axis predicates as explicit' do
-    public_tag = create(:tag, primary_name: '********')
-    TagVersion.create!(tag: public_tag, version_no: 1, event_type: 'create',
-        name: '********', category: 'general', aliases: '', parent_tag_ids: '',
-        names: { ja: { name: '********', script_code: 'Jpan', auto_generated: false,
-                      aliases: [] } }, created_at: Time.utc(2023))
-    expect(query['count']).to eq(3)
-    ['eq', 'ne', 'like', 'in', 'not_in'].each do |operator|
-      expected = ['ne', 'not_in'].include?(operator) ? 0 : 1
-      expect(query(predicate('name', operator, '********'))['count']).to eq(expected)
-    end
-    blank = predicate('aliases.name', 'eq', '').merge('conditions.0.blank' => '1')
-    expect(query(blank)['count']).to eq(1)
-    ['********', '', nil].each do |value|
-      condition = { 'conditions' => '', 'conditions.0.field' => 'name',
-                    'conditions.0.operator' => 'axis_eq',
-                    'conditions.0.value_type' => value.nil? ? 'null' : 'string' }
-      condition['conditions.0.value'] = value unless value.nil?
-      expected = value == '********' ? 1 : 0
-      expect(query(condition)['count']).to eq(expected)
-      drill = { 'drill' => '', 'drill.0.field' => 'name',
-                'drill.0.value_type' => value.nil? ? 'null' : 'string' }
-      drill['drill.0.value'] = value unless value.nil?
-      expect(query(drill)['count']).to eq(expected)
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'keeps public identity and timeline predicates searchable' do
-    expect(query['count']).to eq(2)
-    values = { 'resource_id' => tag.id.to_s, 'version_no' => '2',
-               'event_type' => 'discard', 'user' => actor.id.to_s,
-               'created_at' => '2023-02-01T00:00:00Z' }
-    values.each do |field, value|
-      expected = ['resource_id', 'user'].include?(field) ? 2 : 1
-      expect(query(predicate(field, 'eq', value))['count']).to eq(expected)
-    end
-    condition = predicate('name', 'ne', '秘密のタグ')
-        .merge(predicate('event_type', 'eq', 'discard', 1))
-    expect(query(condition)['count']).to eq(0)
-    expect(query(predicate('category', 'eq', '********'))['count']).to eq(0)
-    expect(query(predicate('category', 'eq', 'general'))['count']).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it 'keeps public predicates available after combining multiple conditions' do
-    condition = predicate('resource_id', 'eq', tag.id.to_s)
-        .merge(predicate('event_type', 'eq', 'discard', 1))
-    expect(query(condition)['count']).to eq(1)
-    condition.merge!(predicate('name', 'ne', 'unrelated', 2))
-    expect(query(condition)['count']).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it 'keeps real name searches for administrators and excludes private details' do
-    condition = predicate('name', 'eq', '秘密のタグ')
-    details = query(condition.merge('mode' => 'details'))
-    expect(details['versions']).to be_empty
-    expect(details['output_count']).to eq(0)
-    masked = query(predicate('name', 'eq', '********').merge('mode' => 'details'))
-    expect(masked['versions']).to be_empty
-    expect(masked['output_count']).to eq(0)
-    sign_in_as(admin)
-    expect(query(condition)['count']).to eq(2)
-    expect(query(condition.merge('mode' => 'details'))['versions'].length).to eq(2)
-  end
-
-  it 'rejects private names reached through a post tag snapshot' do
-    post = create(:post)
-    PostVersion.create!(post:, version_no: 1, event_type: 'create', title: 'post',
-        url: post.url, tags: '', parent_post_ids: '',
-        tags_json: [{ tag_id: tag.id, version_no: 1, name: '秘密のタグ',
-                     category: 'general', sections: [] }],
-        created_at: Time.utc(2024))
-    ['tags.name', 'tags.names.name', 'tags.name_ja'].each do |field|
-      ['eq', 'ne', 'like', 'any', 'all', 'none'].each do |operator|
-        ['秘密のタグ', '********', '%'].each do |value|
-          settings = predicate(field, operator, value).merge('resource' => 'posts')
-          expect(query(settings)['count']).to eq(0)
-        end
-      end
-      blank = predicate(field, 'eq', '').merge('resource' => 'posts',
-          'conditions.0.blank' => '1')
-      expect(query(blank)['count']).to eq(0)
-    end
-  end
-end

backend/spec/requests/counts_table_spec.rb

@@ -354,25 +354,15 @@ RSpec.describe 'Counts table API', type: :request do
     expect(result['cells'].sum { _1['count'] }).to eq(4)
     expect(response.body).not_to include('hidden title')
     masked = query(mode: 'summary', rows: 'resource_id', cols: '')
-    expect(masked['cells'].map { _1['values'] }).to eq([[record.id]])
+    expect(masked['cells'].map { _1['values'] }).to eq([[CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE]])
     expect(masked['cells'].first['count']).to eq(4)
     expect(query['versions']).to be_empty
   end
 
-  it 'allows public identity predicates without exposing private snapshot fields' do
-    PostVersion.create!(post: record, version_no: 4, event_type: 'discard',
-        url: record.url, title: 'hidden title', tags: '', tags_json: [],
-        parent_post_ids: '', created_at: Time.utc(2024, 3))
-
-    get '/counts/query', params: base.merge(mode: 'summary',
-        resource_id: record.id.to_s, rows: 'resource_id', cols: 'title')
-
-    expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
-    expect(json['count']).to eq(4)
-    expect(json['cells'].sum { _1['count'] }).to eq(4)
-    expect(json['cells'].map { _1['values'].last })
-        .to include(CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE)
-    expect(response.body).not_to include('hidden title')
+  it 'rejects private summary predicates instead of exposing a count oracle' do
+    get '/counts/query', params: base.merge(mode: 'summary', resource_id: record.id.to_s)
+    expect(response).to have_http_status(:forbidden)
+    expect(json).to eq('error' => 'private_condition')
   end
 
   it 'reports the combined axis limit without replacing it with a generic 400' do

backend/spec/services/counts_pivot_security_spec.rb

@@ -69,29 +69,27 @@ RSpec.describe 'Counts masked pivot contracts' do
     end
   end
 
-  it 'counts one opaque collection per private version across pages' do
+  it 'preserves five tag occurrences after merging private tags and across pages' do
     [nil, guest, member, admin].each do |user|
       page = result(user)
-      expected = user == admin ? 5 : 6
-      expect(grand(page)).to eq(expected)
-      expect(page[:cells].sum { _1[:count] }).to eq(expected)
+      expect(grand(page)).to eq(5)
+      expect(page[:cells].sum { _1[:count] }).to eq(5)
       expect(page).not_to have_key(:excluded_count)
       paged = result(user, 'limit' => '1')
-      expect(grand(paged)).to eq(expected)
+      expect(grand(paged)).to eq(5)
       expect(result(user, 'limit' => '1', 'page' => '2')[:group_count])
           .to eq(page[:group_count])
     end
     public_page = result(nil)
     hidden = public_page[:cells].select { _1[:values].first == CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE }
-    expect(hidden.sum { _1[:count] }).to eq(4)
+    expect(hidden.sum { _1[:count] }).to eq(3)
     expect(public_page[:axis_labels]['a0']).not_to have_key("internal:#{ tags.first.id }")
     expect(public_page.to_json).not_to include('hidden-title', 'private-discard')
   end
 
   it 'retains distinct membership when tags are not a row axis' do
     [nil, admin].each do |user|
-      expect(grand(result(user, 'rows' => 'event_type', 'cols' => 'tags')))
-          .to eq(user == admin ? 3 : 5)
+      expect(grand(result(user, 'rows' => 'event_type', 'cols' => 'tags'))).to eq(3)
       expect(result(user, 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '')[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(5)
       details = result(user, 'mode' => 'details', 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '')
       expect(details[:count]).to eq(user == admin ? 5 : 1)
@@ -123,13 +121,14 @@ RSpec.describe 'Counts masked pivot contracts' do
   it 'counts distinct changed records when tags are not additive row tuples' do
     [nil, admin].each do |user|
       page = result(user, 'rows' => 'changed_field', 'cols' => 'event_type')
-      expect(grand(page)).to eq(user == admin ? 2 : 4)
+      expect(grand(page)).to eq(2)
       if user.nil?
         expect(page[:cells].map { _1[:values].first }.uniq).to eq([CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE])
       end
-      # Private empty collections contribute the same opaque tuple as populated ones.
-      combined = result(user, 'rows' => 'changed_field', 'cols' => 'tags')
-      expect(grand(combined)).to eq(user == admin ? 0 : 4)
+      # Changed discard snapshots have no tags: no full cell contributes here.
+      empty = result(user, 'rows' => 'changed_field', 'cols' => 'tags')
+      expect(empty[:cells]).to be_empty
+      expect(grand(empty)).to eq(0)
     end
   end
 
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Counts masked pivot contracts' do
     expect(page[:row_headers]).to include(hash_including(values: [nil], kind: 'data'))
   end
 
-  it 'sorts public version numbers numerically including formerly hidden records' do
+  it 'sorts public numeric values numerically alongside a masked group' do
     post = PostVersion.order(:id).last.post
     [2, 10].each do |number|
       PostVersion.create!(post:, version_no: number, event_type: 'update',
@@ -152,196 +151,27 @@ RSpec.describe 'Counts masked pivot contracts' do
     end
     page = result(nil, 'rows' => 'version_no', 'cols' => '')
     values = page[:row_headers].select { _1[:kind] == 'data' }.map { _1[:values].first }
-    expect(values.map(&:to_i)).to eq([1, 2, 10])
+    expect(values.reject { _1 == CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE }.map(&:to_i)).to eq([1, 2, 10])
+    expect(values.last).to eq(CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE)
   end
 
-  it 'keeps public identity predicates and excludes private attributes' do
-    hidden_id = PostVersion.first.post_id.to_s
-    base = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '' }
-    condition = lambda do |field, operator, value|
-      { 'conditions' => '', 'conditions.0.field' => field,
-        'conditions.0.operator' => operator, 'conditions.0.value' => value }
-    end
-
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge('resource_id' => hidden_id))[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(2)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('version_no', 'eq', '2')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(2)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('user', 'eq', member.id.to_s)))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(5)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('title', 'eq', 'hidden-title-0')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('title', 'ne', 'hidden-title-0')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(1)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('title', 'eq', '********')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('video_ms', 'eq', '********')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('title', 'like', '%title%')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(1)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge(condition.call('title', 'like', '%')))[:cells]
-        .sole[:count]).to eq(1)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge('tags' => 'C'))[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(1)
-    expect(result(nil, base.merge('tags' => 'not:C'))[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it 'retains public OR branches while rejecting private predicates on hidden rows' do
-    HistoryAccess.set(user: nil) do
-      population = CountsPopulation.new(params.merge('rows' => '', 'cols' => ''),
-          authorisation_flg: false)
-      condition = CountsCondition.new(population)
-      public_scope = condition.apply(population.scope,
-          { 'field' => 'event_type', 'operator' => 'eq', 'value' => 'discard' })
-      private_scope = condition.apply(population.scope,
-          { 'field' => 'title', 'operator' => 'ne', 'value' => 'unrelated' })
-      masked_scope = condition.apply(population.scope,
-          { 'field' => 'title', 'operator' => 'eq', 'value' => '********' })
-      expect(public_scope.except(:select).count).to eq(2)
-      expect(public_scope.or(private_scope).except(:select).count).to eq(3)
-      expect(private_scope.or(public_scope).except(:select).count).to eq(3)
-      expect(public_scope.or(masked_scope).except(:select).count).to eq(2)
-      expect(public_scope.merge(private_scope).except(:select).count).to eq(0)
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'excludes private collections from positive, negative, AND and OR tag searches' do
-    settings = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '' }
-    { 'C' => 1, 'not:C' => 0, 'not:unknown' => 1, '********' => 0,
-      'not:********' => 1, 'not:C C' => 0, 'not:C type:or C' => 1 }.each do |value, count|
-      expect(result(nil, settings.merge('tags' => value))[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(count)
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'ignores empty numeric and interval bounds without restricting private history' do
-    settings = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '', 'conditions' => '' }
-    { 'video_ms' => ['eq', 'ne', 'gt', 'ge', 'lt', 'le', 'range'],
-      'tags.sections' => ['range'] }.each do |field, operators|
-      operators.each do |operator|
-        condition = settings.merge('conditions.0.field' => field,
-            'conditions.0.operator' => operator)
-        empty = condition.merge('conditions.0.value' => '')
-        expect(result(nil, condition)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(5)
-        expect(result(nil, empty)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(5)
-        expect(result(nil, empty.merge('conditions.0.blank' => '0'))[:cells]
-            .sole[:count]).to eq(5)
-        if operator == 'range'
-          empty['conditions.0.end'] = ''
-          expect(result(nil, empty)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(5)
-          ['conditions.0.value', 'conditions.0.end'].each do |key|
-            active = empty.merge(key => '100')
-            expect(result(nil, active)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'keeps typed marker sets active after incompatible marker values are removed' do
-    settings = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '', 'conditions' => '',
-                 'conditions.0.field' => 'video_ms', 'conditions.0.values' => '1',
-                 'condition_values' => '', 'condition_values.0.condition' => '0',
-                 'condition_values.0.value_type' => 'string',
-                 'condition_values.0.value' => '********' }
-    ['in', 'not_in'].each do |operator|
-      expected = operator == 'in' ? 0 : 1
-      condition = settings.merge('conditions.0.operator' => operator)
-      expect(result(nil, condition)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(expected)
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'restricts active numeric comparisons and preserves empty selection semantics' do
-    settings = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '', 'conditions' => '',
-                 'conditions.0.field' => 'video_ms' }
-    ['eq', 'ne', 'gt', 'ge', 'lt', 'le', 'range'].each do |operator|
-      condition = settings.merge('conditions.0.operator' => operator,
-          'conditions.0.value' => '0')
-      condition['conditions.0.end'] = '100' if operator == 'range'
-      # The one public row is NULL; private NULLs and real values never match.
-      expected = operator == 'ne' ? 1 : 0
-      expect(result(nil, condition)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(expected)
-    end
-    ['in', 'not_in'].each do |operator|
-      condition = settings.merge('conditions.0.operator' => operator,
-          'conditions.0.values' => '1', 'condition_values' => '')
-      expected = operator == 'not_in' ? 5 : 0
-      expect(result(nil, condition)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(expected)
-    end
-    blank = settings.merge('conditions.0.operator' => 'eq', 'conditions.0.blank' => '1')
-    expect(result(nil, blank)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(1)
-  end
-
-  it 'preserves empty tag sets and restricts active blank collection predicates' do
-    settings = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '', 'conditions' => '',
-                 'conditions.0.field' => 'tags' }
-    ['any', 'all', 'none'].each do |operator|
-      condition = settings.merge('conditions.0.operator' => operator,
-          'conditions.0.values' => '1', 'condition_values' => '')
-      expected = operator == 'any' ? 0 : 5
-      expect(result(nil, condition)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(expected)
-    end
-    blank = settings.merge('conditions.0.operator' => 'eq', 'conditions.0.blank' => '1')
-    expect(result(nil, blank)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-  end
-
-  it 'rejects server-only coordinates in column order' do
-    probes = [
+  it 'rejects private predicates and supplied measure coordinates before SQL labels escape' do
+    probes = [{ 'resource_id' => PostVersion.first.post_id.to_s },
+        { 'tags' => 'A' },
+        { 'conditions' => '', 'conditions.0.field' => 'title', 'conditions.0.operator' => 'eq',
+          'conditions.0.value' => 'hidden-title-0' },
+        { 'drill' => '', 'drill.0.field' => 'tags', 'drill.0.value_type' => 'string',
+          'drill.0.value' => "internal:#{ tags.first.id }" },
         { 'cols' => 'tags', 'column_order' => '', 'column_order.0.value_type' => 'string',
           'column_order.0.value' => CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE }]
     HistoryAccess.set(user: nil) do
       probes.each do |probe|
-        expect { CountsTableQuery.new(params.merge(probe)).call }
+        expect { CountsTableQuery.new(params.merge(probe)) }
             .to raise_error(CountsAxes::PrivateCondition)
       end
     end
   end
 
-
-  it 'keeps private collection and change counts independent of stored elements' do
-    settings = [
-        { 'rows' => 'tags', 'cols' => 'changed_field' },
-        { 'rows' => 'changed_field tags', 'cols' => '' }]
-    original = settings.map { result(nil, _1) }
-    snapshot = tags.map do |tag|
-      { tag_id: tag.id, version_no: 1, sections: [] }
-    end
-    hidden_posts = PostVersion.where(event_type: 'discard').pluck(:post_id)
-    PostVersion.where(post_id: hidden_posts).update_all(
-        title: 'same hidden value', tags_json: snapshot)
-    expect(settings.map { result(nil, _1) }).to eq(original)
-  end
-
-  it 'excludes private tag and change coordinates from drill conditions' do
-    ['tags', 'changed_field'].each do |field|
-      settings = { 'rows' => field, 'cols' => '' }
-      page = result(nil, settings)
-      cell = page[:cells].find { _1[:values] == [CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE] }
-      expect(cell[:count]).to eq(4)
-      [CountsAxes::MASKED_VALUE, CountsAxes::MASKED_TEXT].each do |value|
-        drill = { 'drill' => '', 'drill.0.field' => field,
-                  'drill.0.value_type' => 'string', 'drill.0.value' => value }
-        expect(result(nil, settings.merge(drill))[:cells]).to be_empty
-        details = result(nil, settings.merge(drill).merge('mode' => 'details'))
-        expect(details[:versions]).to be_empty
-        condition = { 'conditions' => '', 'conditions.0.field' => field,
-                      'conditions.0.operator' => 'axis_eq',
-                      'conditions.0.value_type' => 'string', 'conditions.0.value' => value }
-        expect(result(nil, settings.merge(condition))[:cells]).to be_empty
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  it 'rejects real private tag and change coordinates for non-admin users' do
-    [nil, guest, member].each do |user|
-      { 'tags' => "internal:#{ tags.first.id }", 'changed_field' => 'title' }.each do
-          |field, value|
-        settings = { 'rows' => '', 'cols' => '', 'drill' => '',
-                     'drill.0.field' => field, 'drill.0.value_type' => 'string',
-                     'drill.0.value' => value }
-        expect(result(user, settings)[:cells].sole[:count]).to eq(0)
-        expect(result(admin, settings)[:cells].sole[:count]).to be > 0
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
   it 'keeps public column sorting usable while guessed private coordinates match nothing' do
     first = result(nil, 'rows' => 'event_type', 'cols' => 'tags')
     probe = result(nil, 'rows' => 'event_type', 'cols' => 'tags',
@@ -357,7 +187,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Counts masked pivot contracts' do
     HistoryAccess.set(user: nil) do
       payload = params.merge('format' => 'json')
       json = JSON.parse(CountsTableExport.new(payload).body.to_a.join)
-      expect(json['data'].sum { _1['kind'] == 'data' ? _1['count'] : 0 }).to eq(6)
+      expect(json['data'].sum { _1['kind'] == 'data' ? _1['count'] : 0 }).to eq(5)
       expect(json.to_json).not_to include('hidden-title', 'private-discard')
       csv = CountsTableExport.new(payload.merge('format' => 'csv')).body.to_a.join
       expect(csv).to include('********')

frontend/public/fonts/noto-sans-mongolian/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+Copyright 2018 The Noto Project Authors (github.com/googlei18n/noto-fonts)
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License,
+Version 1.1.
+
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+http://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font
+creation efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to
+provide a free and open framework in which fonts may be shared and
+improved in partnership with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply to
+any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software
+components as distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to,
+deleting, or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the
+components of the Original Version, by changing formats or by porting
+the Font Software to a new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed,
+modify, redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the
+Font Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components, in
+Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the
+corresponding Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the
+primary font name as presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created using
+the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

frontend/public/fonts/noto-sans-mongolian/SOURCE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Noto Sans Mongolian Regular, unmodified TrueType font.
+
+Font copyright: Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+
+- Source: https://github.com/notofonts/noto-fonts/tree/main/hinted/ttf/NotoSansMongolian
+- Font: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/notofonts/noto-fonts/main/hinted/ttf/NotoSansMongolian/NotoSansMongolian-Regular.ttf
+- License: SIL Open Font License 1.1; see the accompanying LICENSE.
+- Retrieved: 2026-11-08.
+
+Used only by the Unicode Mongolian sample in the development layout route.
+The font and license are served together from this directory.

frontend/src/App.tsx

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ import { Toaster } from '@/components/ui/toaster'
 import { isApiError } from '@/lib/api'
 import { initialiseUserSession } from '@/lib/users'
 import { prepareHelpPage } from '@/lib/help'
-import { fetchLocales, isLocaleCode, legacyLocalePath,
-	 switchLocalePath, unlocalisedPath } from '@/lib/locales'
+import { fetchLocales, isLocaleCode, isVerticalPreviewPath, legacyLocalePath,
+	 localiseTo, switchLocalePath, unlocalisedPath } from '@/lib/locales'
 import { isAuthorityDependentQuery, localesKeys, sessionKeys } from '@/lib/queryKeys'
 import { isCountsPath } from '@/lib/routeLocales'
 import { switchPostFilterLocale } from '@/lib/posts'
 import { switchWikiLocale } from '@/lib/wiki'
-import { useLocale } from '@/lib/useLocale'
+import { useLocale, useVerticalPreview } from '@/lib/useLocale'
 import { applyClientAnimationMode,
 	 applyClientAppearance,
 	 fetchUserThemeSlots,
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@ const RoutedApp = ({ locales }: { locales: AvailableLocale[] }) => {
   const client = useQueryClient ()
   const location = useLocation ()
   const locale = useLocale ()
+  const verticalPreview = useVerticalPreview ()
   const route = resolvePageRoute (location.pathname)
   const robots = isCountsPath (location.pathname) ? 'noindex' : route?.route.handle?.robots
   const pagePath = unlocalisedPath (location.pathname)
@@ -393,7 +394,8 @@ const RoutedApp = ({ locales }: { locales: AvailableLocale[] }) => {
 	      <motion.div
 		  layout={(animationMode === 'off' || countsPage) ? false : 'position'}
 		  transition={{ layout: appLayoutTransition }}
-		  className="relative flex h-dvh w-full flex-col overflow-y-hidden">
+		  data-vertical-preview={verticalPreview || undefined}
+		  className="app-layout relative flex h-dvh w-full flex-col overflow-y-hidden">
 		<TopNav user={user} locales={locales} resolveLocaleSwitch={switchLocale}/>
 		<RouteTransitionWrapper
 		    user={user}
@@ -412,6 +414,7 @@ const RoutedApp = ({ locales }: { locales: AvailableLocale[] }) => {
 const LocaleRoute: FC = () => {
   const { locale } = useParams ()
   const location = useLocation ()
+  const verticalPreview = isVerticalPreviewPath (location.pathname)
   const { i18n } = useTranslation ()
   const { data, isError } = useQuery ({
       queryKey: localesKeys.index,
@@ -421,10 +424,11 @@ const LocaleRoute: FC = () => {
       refetchOnMount: true,
       refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
       refetchOnReconnect: true })
+  const contentLocale = verticalPreview ? 'ja' : locale
   const activeLocale =
-      (isLocaleCode (locale)
-       && data?.locales.some (entry => entry.code === locale))
-      ? locale
+      (isLocaleCode (contentLocale)
+       && data?.locales.some (entry => entry.code === contentLocale))
+      ? contentLocale
       : null
 
   useLayoutEffect (() => {
@@ -435,15 +439,15 @@ const LocaleRoute: FC = () => {
   }, [activeLocale, i18n])
 
   const redirect = legacyLocalePath (location, pathname => resolvePageRoute (pathname) != null)
-  if (!(isLocaleCode (locale)) && redirect == null)
+  if (!(isLocaleCode (locale)) && !verticalPreview && redirect == null)
     return <NotFound/>
   if (isError && data == null)
     return <ServiceUnavailable/>
   if (data == null)
     return null
-  if (isLocaleCode (locale))
+  if (isLocaleCode (locale) || verticalPreview)
   {
-    return data.locales.some (entry => entry.code === locale)
+    return data.locales.some (entry => entry.code === contentLocale)
         ? <RoutedApp locales={data.locales}/>
         : <NotFound/>
   }
@@ -455,7 +459,8 @@ const LocaleRoute: FC = () => {
 const LocaleRedirect = ({ to }: { to: string }) => {
   const locale = useLocale ()
   const location = useLocation ()
-  return <Navigate to={switchLocalePath ({ ...location, pathname: to }, locale)} replace/>
+  return <Navigate to={localiseTo (
+      { ...location, pathname: to }, locale, location.pathname)} replace/>
 }
 
 

frontend/src/components/PostList.tsx

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const PostList: FC<Props> = ({ posts, onClick }) => {
   const cardRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement> (null)
 
   return (
-      <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-6 p-4">
+      <div className="post-list flex flex-wrap gap-6 p-4">
 	{posts.map ((post, i) => {
 	  const sharedId = `page-${ post.id }`
 	  const layoutId = sharedId

frontend/src/components/PrefetchLink.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
 import { forwardRef, useMemo } from 'react'
 import { flushSync } from 'react-dom'
-import { createPath } from 'react-router-dom'
+import { createPath, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'
 
-import { localiseTo } from '@/lib/locales'
+import { isVerticalPreviewPath, localeFromPath,
+	 localiseTo, unlocalisedPath } from '@/lib/locales'
 import { useLocale, useLocaleNavigate } from '@/lib/useLocale'
 import { useOverlayStore } from '@/components/RouteBlockerOverlay'
 import { prefetchForURL } from '@/lib/prefetchers'
@@ -38,15 +39,18 @@ export default forwardRef<HTMLAnchorElement, Props> (({
 
   const navigate = useLocaleNavigate ()
   const locale = useLocale ()
+  const { pathname } = useLocation ()
   const qc = useQueryClient ()
   const behaviourSettings = useClientBehaviourSettings ()
   const linkPreloadMode = behaviourSettings.linkPreload ?? 'intent'
   const path = useMemo (
       () => {
-	const localised = localiseTo (to, locale)
-	return typeof localised === 'string' ? localised : createPath (localised)
+	const localised = localiseTo (to, locale, pathname)
+	const destination = typeof localised === 'string' ? localised : createPath (localised)
+	return (isVerticalPreviewPath (pathname) && localeFromPath (destination) === locale)
+	    ? `/mn-Mong${ unlocalisedPath (destination) }` : destination
       },
-      [to, locale],
+      [to, locale, pathname],
   )
   const url = useMemo (() => {
     return (new URL (path, currentRenderContext ()?.origin ?? 'http://localhost')).toString ()

frontend/src/components/TagSearch.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { fireEvent, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
+import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import TagSearch from '@/components/TagSearch'
+import * as api from '@/lib/api'
+import { buildTag } from '@/test/factories'
+import { renderWithProviders } from '@/test/render'
+
+
+const LocationOutput = () => {
+  const location = useLocation ()
+  return <output data-testid="location">{location.pathname}{location.search}</output>
+}
+
+
+const renderSearch = () => renderWithProviders (
+    <>
+      <TagSearch/>
+      <LocationOutput/>
+    </>, { route: '/ja/posts?page=3' })
+
+
+describe ('TagSearch', () => {
+  beforeEach (() => {
+    vi.spyOn (api, 'apiGet').mockResolvedValue ([])
+  })
+
+  it ('searches through native submission without an Enter key event', () => {
+    renderSearch ()
+    const input = screen.getByRole<HTMLInputElement> ('textbox')
+    fireEvent.change (input, { target: { value: '虹夏 not:TEST type:or' } })
+
+    expect (input.form).toBeInstanceOf (HTMLFormElement)
+    fireEvent.submit (input.form!)
+
+    const query = new URLSearchParams ({ tags: '虹夏 not:test', match: 'any' })
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent (
+	`/ja/posts?${ query }`)
+    expect (input).toHaveValue ('虹夏 not:test type:or')
+  })
+
+  it ('requests a search action from the software keyboard', () => {
+    renderSearch ()
+
+    expect (screen.getByRole ('textbox')).toHaveAttribute ('enterkeyhint', 'search')
+  })
+
+  it ('searches through the form when Enter is pressed', async () => {
+    const user = userEvent.setup ()
+    renderSearch ()
+
+    await user.type (screen.getByRole ('textbox'), '虹夏{Enter}')
+
+    const query = new URLSearchParams ({ tags: '虹夏', match: 'all' })
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent (
+	`/ja/posts?${ query }`)
+  })
+
+  it.each ([
+      { label: 'composition flag', composing: true, keyCode: 13 },
+      { label: 'legacy IME code', composing: false, keyCode: 229 }]) (
+      'cancels confirmation Enter with $label', ({ composing, keyCode }) => {
+    renderSearch ()
+    const input = screen.getByRole ('textbox')
+    fireEvent.change (input, { target: { value: '虹夏' } })
+    const uncancelled = fireEvent.keyDown (input, {
+	key: 'Enter', isComposing: composing, keyCode })
+
+    expect (uncancelled).toBe (false)
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent ('/ja/posts?page=3')
+    expect (input).toHaveValue ('虹夏')
+  })
+
+  it ('cancels Enter throughout composition even without keyboard IME flags', () => {
+    renderSearch ()
+    const input = screen.getByRole ('textbox')
+    fireEvent.compositionStart (input)
+    fireEvent.change (input, { target: { value: '虹夏' } })
+    const uncancelled = fireEvent.keyDown (input, {
+	key: 'Enter', isComposing: false, keyCode: 13 })
+
+    expect (uncancelled).toBe (false)
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent ('/ja/posts?page=3')
+    expect (input).toHaveValue ('虹夏')
+  })
+
+  it ('blocks direct submission during composition and allows it after confirmation', () => {
+    renderSearch ()
+    const input = screen.getByRole<HTMLInputElement> ('textbox')
+    fireEvent.compositionStart (input)
+    fireEvent.change (input, { target: { value: '虹夏' } })
+    fireEvent.submit (input.form!)
+
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent ('/ja/posts?page=3')
+    expect (input).toHaveValue ('虹夏')
+
+    fireEvent.compositionEnd (input)
+    fireEvent.submit (input.form!)
+
+    const query = new URLSearchParams ({ tags: '虹夏', match: 'all' })
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent (
+	`/ja/posts?${ query }`)
+  })
+
+  it ('selects the active suggestion without submitting the form', async () => {
+    vi.mocked (api.apiGet).mockResolvedValue ([buildTag ({ name: '虹夏' })])
+    const user = userEvent.setup ()
+    renderSearch ()
+
+    await user.type (screen.getByRole ('textbox'), '虹')
+    await screen.findByText ('虹夏')
+    await user.keyboard ('{ArrowDown}{Enter}')
+
+    expect (screen.getByRole ('textbox')).toHaveValue ('虹夏 ')
+    expect (screen.getByTestId ('location')).toHaveTextContent ('/ja/posts?page=3')
+    expect (screen.queryByText ('虹夏')).not.toBeInTheDocument ()
+  })
+})

frontend/src/components/TagSearch.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // TODO: タグ入力系すべてに同様の処理あるため共通化する．
 
-import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'
 
 import { useLocale, useLocaleNavigate } from '@/lib/useLocale'
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { inputClass } from '@/lib/utils'
 
 import TagSearchBox from './TagSearchBox'
 
-import type { ChangeEvent, FC, KeyboardEvent } from 'react'
+import type { ChangeEvent, FC, FormEvent, KeyboardEvent } from 'react'
 
 import type { Tag } from '@/types'
 
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ const TagSearch: FC = () => {
   const locale = useLocale ()
   const location = useLocation ()
   const navigate = useLocaleNavigate ()
+  const compositionFlgRef = useRef (false)
 
   const [activeIndex, setActiveIndex] = useState (-1)
   const [search, setSearch] = useState ('')
@@ -74,7 +75,34 @@ const TagSearch: FC = () => {
     setSuggestionsVsbl (false)
   }, [locale])
 
+  const handleSubmit = (ev: FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
+    ev.preventDefault ()
+    if (compositionFlgRef.current)
+      return
+
+    const parts = search.split (' ')
+    const match =
+	parts.map (t => t.toLowerCase ()).includes ('type:or') ? 'any' : 'all'
+    navigate (`/posts?${
+	(new URLSearchParams ({
+	    tags: parts.map (t => t.toLowerCase ())
+		       .filter (t => t !== 'type:or')
+		       .join (' '),
+	    match })).toString () }`)
+    setSuggestionsVsbl (false)
+    setRequest ({ query: '' })
+  }
+
   const handleKeyDown = (ev: KeyboardEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
+    if (compositionFlgRef.current
+	|| ev.nativeEvent.isComposing
+	|| ev.nativeEvent.keyCode === 229)
+    {
+      if (ev.key === 'Enter')
+	ev.preventDefault ()
+      return
+    }
+
     switch (ev.key)
     {
     case 'ArrowDown':
@@ -90,13 +118,12 @@ const TagSearch: FC = () => {
       break
 
     case 'Enter':
-      if (activeIndex < 0)
-	break
-      ev.preventDefault ()
       {
-	const selected = suggestions[activeIndex]
-	if (selected)
-	  handleTagSelect (selected)
+	const selected = suggestionsVsbl ? suggestions[activeIndex] : null
+	if (selected == null)
+	  break
+	ev.preventDefault ()
+	handleTagSelect (selected)
       }
       break
 
@@ -105,20 +132,6 @@ const TagSearch: FC = () => {
       setSuggestionsVsbl (false)
       break
     }
-    if (ev.key === 'Enter' && (!(suggestionsVsbl) || activeIndex < 0))
-      {
-	const parts = search.split (' ')
-	const match = parts.map (t => t.toLowerCase ()).includes ('type:or') ? 'any' : 'all'
-	navigate (`/posts?${
-	    (new URLSearchParams ({
-		tags: parts.map (t => t.toLowerCase ())
-			   .filter (t => t !== 'type:or')
-			   .join (' '),
-		match }))
-	    .toString () }`)
-	setSuggestionsVsbl (false)
-	setRequest ({ query: '' })
-      }
   }
 
   const handleTagSelect = (tag: Tag) => {
@@ -144,8 +157,9 @@ const TagSearch: FC = () => {
   }, [location.search])
 
   return (
-      <div className="relative w-full">
+      <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="relative w-full">
 	<input type="text"
+	       enterKeyHint="search"
 	       data-shortcut-focus-search="true"
 	       placeholder={message ('labels.tagSearch').text}
 	       value={search}
@@ -153,12 +167,18 @@ const TagSearch: FC = () => {
 	       onFocus={() => setSuggestionsVsbl (true)}
 	       onBlur={() => setSuggestionsVsbl (false)}
 	       onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
+	       onCompositionStart={() => {
+		 compositionFlgRef.current = true
+	       }}
+	       onCompositionEnd={() => {
+		 compositionFlgRef.current = false
+	       }}
 	       className={inputClass (false,
 				      'px-3 py-2 dark:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-white')}/>
 	<TagSearchBox suggestions={suggestionsVsbl && suggestions.length ? suggestions : [] as Tag[]}
 		      activeIndex={activeIndex}
 		      onSelect={handleTagSelect}/>
-      </div>)
+      </form>)
 }
 
 export default TagSearch

frontend/src/components/TopNav.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Globe } from 'lucide-react'
 import { Fragment, useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'
 
-import { useLocale, useLocaleNavigate } from '@/lib/useLocale'
+import { useLocale, useLocaleNavigate, useVerticalPreview } from '@/lib/useLocale'
 import LocalisedText, { formatUIString } from '@/components/LocalisedText'
 import Separator from '@/components/MenuSeparator'
 import PrefetchLink from '@/components/PrefetchLink'
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ export const menuOutline = (
 const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
   const { message, label } = useUITranslation ('shared')
   const locale = useLocale ()
+  const verticalPreview = useVerticalPreview ()
   const localeName = locales.find (entry => entry.code === locale)?.name
   const navigate = useLocaleNavigate ()
   const location = useLocation ()
@@ -180,11 +181,12 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
     let node: HTMLElement | null = el
     while (node != null && node !== nav)
     {
-      left += node.offsetLeft
+      left += verticalPreview ? node.offsetTop : node.offsetLeft
       const parent: Element | null = node.offsetParent
       node = parent instanceof HTMLElement ? parent : null
     }
-    const width = node === nav ? el.offsetWidth : 0
+    const width = node === nav
+	? (verticalPreview ? el.offsetHeight : el.offsetWidth) : 0
     const visible = width > 0
     setHL (current =>
 	(current.left === left && current.width === width && current.visible === visible)
@@ -202,6 +204,7 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
   const [moreVsbl, setMoreVsbl] = useState (false)
   const [openItemIdx, setOpenItemIdx] = useState (-1)
   const [submenuHeight, setSubmenuHeight] = useState (0)
+  const [submenuWidth, setSubmenuWidth] = useState (0)
   const [wikiId, setWikiId] = useState<number | null> (WikiIdBus.get ())
 
   const wikiIdStr = String (wikiId ?? '')
@@ -255,8 +258,22 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
       animationsOff
       ? undefined
       : (reducedAnimations
-	 ? 'transition-[transform,width] duration-75 ease-linear'
-	 : 'transition-[transform,width] duration-200 ease-out')
+	 ? 'transition-[transform,width,height] duration-75 ease-linear'
+	 : 'transition-[transform,width,height] duration-200 ease-out')
+  const submenuItemMotion = animationsOff ? { } : {
+      initial: { x: verticalPreview ? -40 : 0,
+	  y: verticalPreview ? 0 : -40, opacity: 0 },
+      animate: { x: 0, y: 0, opacity: 1 },
+      exit: { x: verticalPreview ? -40 : 0,
+	  y: verticalPreview ? 0 : -40, opacity: 0 } }
+  const submenuVariants = {
+      enter: (direction: -1 | 1) => ({
+	  x: verticalPreview ? direction * 24 : 0,
+	  y: verticalPreview ? 0 : direction * 24, opacity: 0 }),
+      centre: { x: 0, y: 0, opacity: 1 },
+      exit: (direction: -1 | 1) => ({
+	  x: verticalPreview ? (-direction) * 24 : 0,
+	  y: verticalPreview ? 0 : (-direction) * 24, opacity: 0 }) }
 
   const prevActiveIdxRef = useRef<number> (activeIdx)
 
@@ -287,6 +304,14 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 	return
       }
 
+      if (verticalPreview)
+      {
+	setDesktop (true)
+	setDensity ('auto')
+	measure (moreVsbl ? -1 : activeIdx)
+	return
+      }
+
       // Measure the same desktop elements while the mobile layout is active.
       layout.setAttribute ('data-measuring', '')
       const previousDensity = layout.getAttribute ('data-density') ?? 'auto'
@@ -351,7 +376,8 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
       removeEventListener ('resize', schedule)
       document.fonts?.removeEventListener ('loadingdone', schedule)
     }
-  }, [activeIdx, moreVsbl, desktop, density, user?.name, locale, locales, menuLabels])
+  }, [activeIdx, moreVsbl, desktop, density, user?.name, locale, locales,
+      menuLabels, verticalPreview])
 
   useEffect (() => {
     if (desktop == null || layoutReady)
@@ -378,7 +404,8 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
     measure (moreVsbl ? -1 : activeIdx)
     if (!(desktop))
       setMoreVsbl (false)
-  }, [activeIdx, moreVsbl, desktop, density, locale, animationMode, menuLabels])
+  }, [activeIdx, moreVsbl, desktop, density, locale, animationMode,
+      menuLabels, verticalPreview])
 
   useEffect (() => {
     const unsubscribe = WikiIdBus.subscribe (setWikiId)
@@ -392,6 +419,7 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 
     const update = () => {
       setSubmenuHeight (Math.ceil (content.getBoundingClientRect ().height))
+      setSubmenuWidth (Math.ceil (content.getBoundingClientRect ().width))
     }
     const observer =
 	typeof ResizeObserver === 'undefined' ? null : new ResizeObserver (update)
@@ -403,7 +431,7 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
       observer?.disconnect ()
       removeEventListener ('resize', update)
     }
-  }, [activeIdx, moreVsbl, desktop, density, locale])
+  }, [activeIdx, moreVsbl, desktop, density, locale, verticalPreview])
 
   useEffect (() => {
     setMenuOpen (false)
@@ -479,8 +507,11 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 		   className={cn ('absolute inset-y-0 h-12',
 				  'top-nav-highlight',
 				  highlightTransitionClass)}
-		   style={{ width:      hl.width,
-			    transform:  `translateX(${ hl.left }px)`,
+		   style={{ width:      verticalPreview ? '100%' : hl.width,
+			    height:     verticalPreview ? hl.width : undefined,
+			    transform:  verticalPreview
+				? `translateY(${ hl.left }px)`
+				: `translateX(${ hl.left }px)`,
 			    opacity:    hl.visible ? 1 : 0 }}/>
 
 	      {visibleMenu.map ((item, i) => (
@@ -529,10 +560,18 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 	  <div className="top-nav-account ml-auto flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2">
 	    <TopNavUser user={user}/>
 	    {localeSelector}
+	    {verticalPreview && (
+		<span className="vertical-preview-sample" lang="mn-Mong">
+		  ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
+		</span>)}
 	  </div>
 
 	  <div className="top-nav-mobile-controls ml-auto flex shrink-0 items-center gap-2">
 	    {menuOpen && localeSelector}
+	    {verticalPreview && (
+		<span className="vertical-preview-sample" lang="mn-Mong">
+		  ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
+		</span>)}
 	    <button
 		type="button"
 		className="top-nav-mobile-toggle shrink-0 whitespace-nowrap
@@ -554,7 +593,9 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 	      layout
 	      className="top-nav-desktop-submenu relative z-20 shrink-0
 			 overflow-hidden top-nav-submenu"
-	      animate={{ height: desktop == null ? 'auto' : submenuHeight }}
+	      animate={verticalPreview && desktop
+		  ? { width: submenuWidth, height: '100%' }
+		  : { width: 'auto', height: desktop == null ? 'auto' : submenuHeight }}
 	      onMouseLeave={() => {
 		if (moreVsbl)
 		  setMoreVsbl (false)
@@ -566,7 +607,8 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 	      onLayoutAnimationComplete={() => {
 		measure (highlightTargetRef.current)
 	      }}>
-	  <div ref={submenuContentRef} className={cn (moreVsbl && 'top-nav-more-menu')}>
+	  <div ref={submenuContentRef}
+	      className={cn ('top-nav-submenu-content', moreVsbl && 'top-nav-more-menu')}>
 	  {moreVsbl
 	   ? (
 	      moreMenu.map ((item, i) => (
@@ -576,9 +618,11 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 			  {...((item.visible ?? true)
 			       ? { layoutId: `menu-${ menu.indexOf (item) }` }
 			       : (animationsOff ? { }
-				  : { initial: { x: 40, y: -40, opacity: 0 },
+				  : { initial: {
+					  x: 40, y: verticalPreview ? 0 : -40, opacity: 0 },
 				      animate: { x: 0, y: 0, opacity: 1 },
-				      exit: { x: 40, y: -40, opacity: 0 } }))}
+				      exit: {
+					  x: 40, y: verticalPreview ? 0 : -40, opacity: 0 } }))}
 			  onLayoutAnimationComplete={() => measure (highlightTargetRef.current)}
 			  className="z-10 min-w-0 px-3 py-2 font-bold">
 			<h2>
@@ -599,10 +643,7 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 				  transition={topNavTransition}
 				  {...(visibleMenu[activeIdx] === item
 				       ? { layoutId: `submenu-${ menu.indexOf (item) }-${ j }` }
-				       : (animationsOff ? { }
-					  : { initial: { y: -40, opacity: 0 },
-					      animate: { y: 0, opacity: 1 },
-					      exit: { y: -40, opacity: 0 } }))}>
+				       : submenuItemMotion)}>
 				{subItem.component}
 			      </motion.div>)
 			  : (
@@ -612,10 +653,7 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 				  transition={topNavTransition}
 				  {...(visibleMenu[activeIdx] === item
 				       ? { layoutId: `submenu-${ menu.indexOf (item) }-${ j }` }
-				       : (animationsOff ? { }
-					  : { initial: { y: -40, opacity: 0 },
-					      animate: { y: 0, opacity: 1 },
-					      exit: { y: -40, opacity: 0 } }))}>
+				       : submenuItemMotion)}>
 				<PrefetchLink
 				    to={subItem.to}
 				    target={subItem.to.slice (0, 2) === '//' ? '_blank' : undefined}
@@ -633,7 +671,8 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 		  <div className="relative min-h-[40px]">
 		    {animationsOff
 		     ? (
-			 <div className="flex min-h-[40px] flex-wrap items-center px-3">
+			 <div className="top-nav-submenu-items flex min-h-[40px]
+					 flex-wrap items-center px-3">
 			   {(visibleMenu[activeIdx]?.subMenu ?? [])
 			    .filter (item => item.visible ?? true)
 			    .map ((item, i) => (
@@ -662,10 +701,9 @@ const TopNav: FC<Props> = ({ user, locales, resolveLocaleSwitch }) => {
 			   <motion.div
 			       key={activeIdx}
 			       custom={dir}
-			       variants={{ enter: (d: -1 | 1) => ({ y: d * 24, opacity: 0 }),
-					   centre: { y: 0, opacity: 1 },
-					   exit: (d: -1 | 1) => ({ y: (-d) * 24, opacity: 0 }) }}
-			       className="relative flex min-h-[40px] flex-wrap items-center px-3"
+			       variants={submenuVariants}
+			       className="top-nav-submenu-items relative flex min-h-[40px]
+					  flex-wrap items-center px-3"
 			       initial="enter"
 			       animate="centre"
 			       exit="exit"

frontend/src/components/layout/MainArea.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion'
+import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useLocation } from 'react-router-dom'
 
 import { clientAnimationTransition } from '@/lib/clientAnimation'
 import { useClientBehaviourSettings } from '@/lib/useClientBehaviourSettings'
+import { useVerticalPreview } from '@/lib/useLocale'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
 
 import type { FC, ReactNode } from 'react'
@@ -9,21 +12,71 @@ import type { FC, ReactNode } from 'react'
 type Props = {
     children:   ReactNode
     className?: string
-    animateLayout?: boolean }
+    animateLayout?: boolean
+    verticalContent?: boolean }
 
 
-const MainArea: FC<Props> = ({ children, className, animateLayout = true }) => {
+const MainArea: FC<Props> = (
+    { children, className, animateLayout = true, verticalContent = false },
+) => {
   const behaviourSettings = useClientBehaviourSettings ()
+  const verticalPreview = useVerticalPreview ()
+  const horizontal = verticalPreview && verticalContent
+  const { pathname, search } = useLocation ()
+  const rootRef = useRef<HTMLElement | null> (null)
   const animationMode = behaviourSettings.animation ?? 'normal'
   const layoutTransition = clientAnimationTransition (
       animationMode,
-      { normal: { duration: .2, ease: 'easeOut' as const } },
-  )
+      { normal: { duration: .2, ease: 'easeOut' as const } })
+
+  useEffect (() => {
+    if (horizontal && rootRef.current != null)
+      rootRef.current.scrollLeft = 0
+  }, [horizontal, pathname, search])
+
+  useEffect (() => {
+    const root = rootRef.current
+    if (!horizontal || root == null)
+      return
+
+    const handleWheel = (event: WheelEvent) => {
+      if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey
+	  || event.deltaX !== 0 || event.deltaY === 0 || event.defaultPrevented)
+	return
+
+      // Nested tables, forms and code blocks retain their own scrolling.
+      let node = event.target instanceof HTMLElement ? event.target : null
+      while (node != null && node !== root)
+      {
+	if (node.matches ('input, select, textarea, [contenteditable="true"]'))
+	  return
+	const style = getComputedStyle (node)
+	if ((/auto|scroll/.test (style.overflowY) && node.scrollHeight > node.clientHeight)
+	    || (/auto|scroll/.test (style.overflowX) && node.scrollWidth > node.clientWidth))
+	  return
+	node = node.parentElement
+      }
+
+      const unit = event.deltaMode === 1 ? 16 : (event.deltaMode === 2 ? root.clientWidth : 1)
+      const delta = event.deltaY * unit
+      if ((delta < 0 && root.scrollLeft <= 0)
+	  || (delta > 0 && root.scrollLeft + root.clientWidth >= root.scrollWidth))
+	return
+      event.preventDefault ()
+      root.scrollLeft += delta
+    }
+
+    root.addEventListener ('wheel', handleWheel, { passive: false })
+    return () => root.removeEventListener ('wheel', handleWheel)
+  }, [horizontal])
 
   return (
       <motion.main
+	  ref={rootRef}
+	  data-vertical-content={horizontal || undefined}
+	  tabIndex={horizontal ? 0 : undefined}
 	  transition={{ layout: layoutTransition }}
-	  className={cn ('flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-4', className)}
+	  className={cn ('main-area flex-1 overflow-y-auto p-4', className)}
 	  layout={(animationMode === 'off' || !animateLayout) ? false : 'position'}>
 	{children}
       </motion.main>)

frontend/src/components/layout/SidebarComponent.tsx

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import { motion } from 'framer-motion'
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 import { Helmet } from 'react-helmet-async'
 
 import { clientAnimationTransition } from '@/lib/clientAnimation'
 import { useClientBehaviourSettings } from '@/lib/useClientBehaviourSettings'
 import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
 import { useUITranslation } from '@/lib/useUITranslation'
+import { useVerticalPreview } from '@/lib/useLocale'
 
 import type { CSSProperties, FC, MouseEvent, PointerEvent, ReactNode } from 'react'
-import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react'
 
 type SidebarSide = 'left' | 'right'
 
@@ -23,12 +24,12 @@ type Props = {
 
 type ResizeState = {
     pointerId:  number
-    startWidth: number
+    startSize: number
     startX:     number
+    startY:     number
+    verticalPreview: boolean
     side:       SidebarSide }
 
-type PendingPressState = ResizeState & { startY: number }
-
 const DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 256
 const MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH = 192
 const MIN_MAIN_WIDTH = 360
@@ -37,84 +38,97 @@ const LONG_PRESS_DELAY_MS = 350
 const TOUCH_MOVE_THRESHOLD_PX = 8
 
 
-const storageKeyForSidebar = (sidebarKey: string, side: SidebarSide): string =>
-    `sidebar:${ sidebarKey }:${ side }:width`
+const storageKeyForSidebar = (
+    sidebarKey: string,
+    side: SidebarSide,
+    verticalPreview = false,
+): string =>
+    `sidebar:${ sidebarKey }:${ side }:${ verticalPreview ? 'height' : 'width' }`
 
 
-const getSidebarMaxWidth = (containerWidth: number): number => {
+const getSidebarMaxWidth = (containerSize: number): number => {
   const viewportWidth =
-      typeof window === 'undefined' ? containerWidth : window.innerWidth
+      typeof window === 'undefined' ? containerSize : window.innerWidth
   const viewportMaxWidth = Math.floor (viewportWidth * MAX_VIEWPORT_WIDTH_RATIO)
-  const containerMaxWidth = Math.floor (containerWidth - MIN_MAIN_WIDTH)
+  const containerMaxWidth = Math.floor (containerSize - MIN_MAIN_WIDTH)
   const dynamicMaxWidth = Math.min (viewportMaxWidth, containerMaxWidth)
 
   return Math.max (MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH, dynamicMaxWidth)
 }
 
 
-const readStoredSidebarWidth = (
+const readStoredSidebarSize = (
     sidebarKey: string,
-    side: SidebarSide): number => {
+    side: SidebarSide,
+    verticalPreview: boolean,
+): number => {
   if (typeof window === 'undefined')
     return DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH
 
-  const value = window.localStorage.getItem (storageKeyForSidebar (sidebarKey, side))
-  const width = value == null ? Number.NaN : Number (value)
-
-  return Number.isFinite (width) ? width : DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH
+  try
+  {
+    const value = window.localStorage.getItem (
+	storageKeyForSidebar (sidebarKey, side, verticalPreview))
+    const size = value == null ? Number.NaN : Number (value)
+    return Number.isFinite (size) ? size : DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH
+  }
+  catch
+  {
+    return DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH
+  }
 }
 
 
-const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
-    children,
-    className,
-    maxWidth,
-    maxWidthRatio,
-    animateLayout = true,
-    onWidthChange,
-    sidebarKey,
-    side = 'left',
-}) => {
+const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = (
+    { children, className, maxWidth, maxWidthRatio, animateLayout = true,
+      onWidthChange, sidebarKey, side = 'left' },
+) => {
   const { message } = useUITranslation ('shared')
   const behaviourSettings = useClientBehaviourSettings ()
+  const verticalPreview = useVerticalPreview ()
   const animationMode = behaviourSettings.animation ?? 'normal'
   const layoutTransition = clientAnimationTransition (
       animationMode,
-      { normal: { duration: .2, ease: 'easeOut' as const } },
-  )
+      { normal: { duration: .2, ease: 'easeOut' as const } })
   const rootRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement | null> (null)
   const maxWidthRef = useRef (maxWidth)
   const maxWidthRatioRef = useRef (maxWidthRatio)
-  const getContainerWidth = useCallback (() => {
-    const containerWidth = rootRef.current
-	?.closest ('[data-sidebar-container]')
-	?.clientWidth
-    ?? window.innerWidth
-    return containerWidth
-  }, [])
-  const getClampedWidth = useCallback ((
-      nextWidth: number,
-      containerWidth: number): number => {
+  const getContainerSize = useCallback (() => {
+    const container = rootRef.current?.closest ('[data-sidebar-container]')
+    return verticalPreview
+	? container?.clientHeight ?? window.innerHeight
+	: container?.clientWidth ?? window.innerWidth
+  }, [verticalPreview])
+  const getClampedSize = useCallback ((
+      nextSize: number,
+      containerSize: number,
+  ): number => {
+    if (verticalPreview)
+    {
+      const maximum = Math.max (64, Math.min (
+	  window.innerHeight * .6, containerSize - 160))
+      return Math.min (maximum, Math.max (64, nextSize))
+    }
     const viewportWidth =
-	typeof window === 'undefined' ? containerWidth : window.innerWidth
+	typeof window === 'undefined' ? containerSize : window.innerWidth
     const viewportMaxWidth = Math.floor (viewportWidth * MAX_VIEWPORT_WIDTH_RATIO)
     const ratioMaxWidth = maxWidthRatioRef.current == null
-	? Infinity : Math.floor (containerWidth * maxWidthRatioRef.current)
+	? Infinity : Math.floor (containerSize * maxWidthRatioRef.current)
     const configuredMaxWidth = maxWidthRef.current == null
-	? getSidebarMaxWidth (containerWidth)
+	? getSidebarMaxWidth (containerSize)
 	: Math.max (MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,
 	    Math.min (viewportMaxWidth, maxWidthRef.current))
     const maxAllowedWidth = Math.max (MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH,
 	Math.min (ratioMaxWidth, configuredMaxWidth))
 
-    return Math.min (maxAllowedWidth, Math.max (MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH, nextWidth))
-  }, [])
+    return Math.min (maxAllowedWidth, Math.max (MIN_SIDEBAR_WIDTH, nextSize))
+  }, [verticalPreview])
 
-  const [width, setWidth] = useState (DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH)
+  const [size, setSize] = useState (DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH)
   const [resizing, setResizing] = useState (false)
-  const widthRef = useRef (width)
+  const sizeRef = useRef (size)
   const longPressTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null> (null)
-  const pendingPressRef = useRef<PendingPressState | null> (null)
+  const pendingPressRef = useRef<ResizeState | null> (null)
   const resizeRef = useRef<ResizeState | null> (null)
   const bodyStyleRef = useRef<{ cursor: string, userSelect: string } | null> (null)
 
@@ -148,7 +162,7 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
 	  userSelect: document.body.style.userSelect }
     }
 
-    document.body.style.cursor = 'col-resize'
+    document.body.style.cursor = state.verticalPreview ? 'row-resize' : 'col-resize'
     document.body.style.userSelect = 'none'
   }, [clearLongPressTimer])
 
@@ -159,43 +173,50 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
     const state = resizeRef.current
     resizeRef.current = null
 
-    if (state != null)
-      window.localStorage.setItem (
-	  storageKeyForSidebar (sidebarKey, state.side),
-	  String (widthRef.current))
+    try
+    {
+      if (state != null)
+	window.localStorage.setItem (
+	    storageKeyForSidebar (sidebarKey, state.side, state.verticalPreview),
+	    String (sizeRef.current))
+    }
+    catch
+    {
+      // Resizing remains usable when browser storage is unavailable.
+    }
 
     setResizing (false)
     restoreBodyStyle ()
   }, [clearLongPressTimer, restoreBodyStyle, sidebarKey])
 
-  const applyWidth = useCallback ((nextWidth: number) => {
-    if (nextWidth === widthRef.current)
+  const applySize = useCallback ((nextSize: number) => {
+    if (nextSize === sizeRef.current)
       return
 
-    widthRef.current = nextWidth
-    setWidth (nextWidth)
+    sizeRef.current = nextSize
+    setSize (nextSize)
   }, [])
 
   useEffect (() => {
     maxWidthRef.current = maxWidth
     maxWidthRatioRef.current = maxWidthRatio
-    const containerWidth = getContainerWidth ()
-    const nextWidth = getClampedWidth (widthRef.current, containerWidth)
-    applyWidth (nextWidth)
-  }, [applyWidth, getClampedWidth, getContainerWidth, maxWidth, maxWidthRatio])
+    const containerSize = getContainerSize ()
+    const nextSize = getClampedSize (sizeRef.current, containerSize)
+    applySize (nextSize)
+  }, [applySize, getClampedSize, getContainerSize, maxWidth, maxWidthRatio])
 
-  const updateWidth = useCallback ((clientX: number) => {
+  const updateSize = useCallback ((clientX: number, clientY: number) => {
     const state = resizeRef.current
     if (state == null)
       return
 
-    const containerWidth = getContainerWidth ()
-    const delta = state.side === 'left'
-		  ? clientX - state.startX
-		  : state.startX - clientX
-    const nextWidth = getClampedWidth (state.startWidth + delta, containerWidth)
-    applyWidth (nextWidth)
-  }, [applyWidth, getClampedWidth, getContainerWidth])
+    const containerSize = getContainerSize ()
+    const delta = state.verticalPreview
+	? clientY - state.startY
+	: (state.side === 'left' ? clientX - state.startX : state.startX - clientX)
+    const nextSize = getClampedSize (state.startSize + delta, containerSize)
+    applySize (nextSize)
+  }, [applySize, getClampedSize, getContainerSize])
 
   const handlePointerDown = (ev: PointerEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
     if (ev.pointerType !== 'mouse' && ev.pointerType !== 'touch')
@@ -211,8 +232,10 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
     const state = {
 	pointerId: ev.pointerId,
 	side,
-	startWidth: widthRef.current,
-	startX: ev.clientX }
+	startSize: sizeRef.current,
+	startX: ev.clientX,
+	startY: ev.clientY,
+	verticalPreview }
 
     if (ev.pointerType === 'mouse')
     {
@@ -220,7 +243,7 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
       return
     }
 
-    pendingPressRef.current = { ...state, startY: ev.clientY }
+    pendingPressRef.current = state
     clearLongPressTimer ()
     longPressTimerRef.current = setTimeout (() => {
       if (pendingPressRef.current != null)
@@ -234,7 +257,7 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
     if (resizeRef.current != null)
     {
       ev.preventDefault ()
-      updateWidth (ev.clientX)
+      updateSize (ev.clientX, ev.clientY)
       return
     }
 
@@ -262,58 +285,58 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
     finishResize ()
   }
 
-  const resetWidth = useCallback (() => {
-    const containerWidth = getContainerWidth ()
-    const nextWidth = getClampedWidth (DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH, containerWidth)
-    applyWidth (nextWidth)
-    window.localStorage.removeItem (storageKeyForSidebar (sidebarKey, side))
-  }, [applyWidth, getClampedWidth, getContainerWidth, sidebarKey, side])
+  const resetSize = useCallback (() => {
+    const containerSize = getContainerSize ()
+    const nextSize = getClampedSize (DEFAULT_SIDEBAR_WIDTH, containerSize)
+    applySize (nextSize)
+    window.localStorage.removeItem (
+	storageKeyForSidebar (sidebarKey, side, verticalPreview))
+  }, [applySize, getClampedSize, getContainerSize, sidebarKey, side, verticalPreview])
 
   const handleDoubleClick = (ev: MouseEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
     ev.preventDefault ()
     ev.stopPropagation ()
-    resetWidth ()
+    resetSize ()
   }
 
   useEffect (() => {
-    const containerWidth = getContainerWidth ()
-    const nextWidth = getClampedWidth (
-	readStoredSidebarWidth (sidebarKey, side),
-	containerWidth)
-    applyWidth (nextWidth)
-  }, [applyWidth, getClampedWidth, getContainerWidth, sidebarKey, side])
+    const containerSize = getContainerSize ()
+    const nextSize = getClampedSize (
+	readStoredSidebarSize (sidebarKey, side, verticalPreview),
+	containerSize)
+    applySize (nextSize)
+  }, [applySize, getClampedSize, getContainerSize, sidebarKey, side, verticalPreview])
 
   useEffect (() => {
-    const containerWidth = getContainerWidth ()
-    const nextWidth = getClampedWidth (widthRef.current, containerWidth)
-    applyWidth (nextWidth)
-  }, [applyWidth, getClampedWidth, getContainerWidth])
+    const containerSize = getContainerSize ()
+    const nextSize = getClampedSize (sizeRef.current, containerSize)
+    applySize (nextSize)
+  }, [applySize, getClampedSize, getContainerSize])
 
   useEffect (() => {
     if (typeof window === 'undefined')
       return
 
     const handleResize = () => {
-      const containerWidth = getContainerWidth ()
-      const nextWidth = getClampedWidth (widthRef.current, containerWidth)
-      applyWidth (nextWidth)
+      const containerSize = getContainerSize ()
+      const nextSize = getClampedSize (sizeRef.current, containerSize)
+      applySize (nextSize)
     }
 
     window.addEventListener ('resize', handleResize)
     return () => window.removeEventListener ('resize', handleResize)
-  }, [applyWidth, getClampedWidth, getContainerWidth])
+  }, [applySize, getClampedSize, getContainerSize])
 
   useEffect (() => {
-    onWidthChange?.(width)
-  }, [onWidthChange, width])
+    if (!verticalPreview)
+      onWidthChange?.(size)
+  }, [onWidthChange, size, verticalPreview])
 
-  useEffect (() => () => {
-    clearLongPressTimer ()
-    restoreBodyStyle ()
-  }, [clearLongPressTimer, restoreBodyStyle])
+  useEffect (() => () => finishResize (), [finishResize, verticalPreview])
 
   const style = {
-      '--sidebar-width': `${ width }px` } as CSSProperties
+      '--sidebar-width': `${ size }px`,
+      '--sidebar-height': `${ size }px` } as CSSProperties
 
   return (
       <motion.div
@@ -322,7 +345,7 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
 	  transition={{ layout: layoutTransition }}
 	  style={style}
 	  className={cn (
-	      'relative w-full md:w-[var(--sidebar-width)] md:shrink-0 md:h-full',
+	      'sidebar-panel relative w-full md:w-[var(--sidebar-width)] md:shrink-0 md:h-full',
 	      className)}>
 	<Helmet>
 	  <style>
@@ -345,16 +368,16 @@ const SidebarComponent: FC<Props> = ({
 
 	<div
 	    role="separator"
-	    aria-orientation="vertical"
-	    aria-label={message ('sidebarWidth').text}
-	    lang={message ('sidebarWidth').language}
+	    aria-orientation={verticalPreview ? 'horizontal' : 'vertical'}
+	    aria-label={message (verticalPreview ? 'labels.menu' : 'sidebarWidth').text}
+	    lang={message (verticalPreview ? 'labels.menu' : 'sidebarWidth').language}
 	    onPointerDown={handlePointerDown}
 	    onPointerMove={handlePointerMove}
 	    onPointerUp={handlePointerEnd}
 	    onPointerCancel={handlePointerEnd}
 	    onDoubleClick={handleDoubleClick}
 	    className={cn (
-		'hidden md:block absolute top-0 bottom-0 z-20 w-4 cursor-col-resize',
+		'sidebar-resize hidden md:block absolute top-0 bottom-0 z-20 w-4 cursor-col-resize',
 		'touch-none select-none',
 		side === 'left' ? '-right-2' : '-left-2',
 		'before:absolute before:top-0 before:bottom-0 before:w-px',

frontend/src/entry-server.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import { createStaticHandler, createStaticRouter,
 import { AppFrame, appRoutes, resolvePageRoute } from '@/App'
 import { apiGet, isApiError } from '@/lib/api'
 import { createUII18n } from '@/lib/i18n'
-import { fetchLocales, isLocaleCode, legacyLocalePath } from '@/lib/locales'
+import { fetchLocales, isLocaleCode, isVerticalPreviewPath,
+	 legacyLocalePath } from '@/lib/locales'
 import { localesKeys, sessionKeys } from '@/lib/queryKeys'
 import { withRenderContext } from '@/lib/renderContext.server'
 
@@ -72,13 +73,15 @@ export const render = async (
       pathname => resolvePageRoute (pathname) != null)
   const pathname = legacy == null ? url.pathname : new URL (legacy, origin).pathname
   const segment = pathname.split ('/')[1]
+  const verticalPreview = isVerticalPreviewPath (pathname)
   const known = resolvePageRoute (pathname)
   if (legacy != null && known != null)
     return { status: 308, location: legacy }
   const locale = isLocaleCode (segment) ? segment : 'ja'
+  const routePrefix = verticalPreview ? 'mn-Mong' : locale
   if (known?.route.handle?.redirectTo != null)
     return { status: 308,
-      location: `/${locale}${known.route.handle.redirectTo}${url.search}` }
+      location: `/${routePrefix}${known.route.handle.redirectTo}${url.search}` }
   const requestContext: RenderContext & { status: number } = {
       pathname: url.pathname, origin, apiBaseURL,
       ...authentication, status: 200 }
@@ -106,7 +109,8 @@ export const render = async (
 	}
       }
       const prepare = known?.route.handle?.prepare
-      let status = known == null || !active || !isLocaleCode (segment) ? 404 : 200
+      const routeLocaleValid = isLocaleCode (segment) || verticalPreview
+      let status = known == null || !active || !routeLocaleValid ? 404 : 200
       if (status === 200 && known?.route.handle?.authentication != null
 	  && client.getQueryData (sessionKeys.current) == null)
 	status = 401

frontend/src/index.css

@@ -625,3 +625,503 @@ body
   white-space: nowrap;
   will-change: transform;
 }
+
+/* Loaded only by the development-only sample, with the OFL alongside the font. */
+@font-face
+{
+  font-family: 'BTRC Mongolian Preview';
+  src: url('/fonts/noto-sans-mongolian/NotoSansMongolian-Regular.ttf') format('truetype');
+  font-weight: 400;
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-display: swap;
+}
+
+/* Development-only /mn-Mong layout. Unannotated pages retain horizontal text. */
+[data-vertical-preview]
+{
+  min-width: 0;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] > :not(.top-nav-layout)
+{
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: auto;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] [data-sidebar-container]
+{
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  min-width: 0;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area
+{
+  min-width: 0;
+  min-height: 0;
+  overscroll-behavior: contain;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area[data-vertical-content]
+{
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  overflow-y: hidden;
+  overscroll-behavior-x: contain;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar-panel
+{
+  width: 100%;
+  height: var(--sidebar-height);
+  min-height: 0;
+  flex: none;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar
+{
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  gap: 1rem;
+  direction: ltr;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  overflow-y: hidden;
+  overscroll-behavior: contain;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar > *
+{
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar > form
+{
+  width: 16rem;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar > form > ul
+{
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar > div
+{
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+  height: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar :is(h2, h3, ul)
+{
+  margin: 0;
+  margin-block-end: 1rem;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar-resize
+{
+  display: block;
+  inset: auto 0 -.5rem;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 1rem;
+  cursor: row-resize;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .sidebar-resize::before
+{
+  inset: 50% 0 auto;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 1px;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .vertical-preview-sample
+{
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+  font-family: 'BTRC Mongolian Preview', 'Mongolian Baiti', sans-serif;
+  font-size: 1.25rem;
+  line-height: 1.5;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+/* The post grid fills each column downwards before continuing to the right. */
+[data-vertical-preview] .posts-main-area > div
+{
+  display: flex;
+  height: 100%;
+  width: max-content;
+  margin: 0;
+  gap: 1rem;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .posts-main-area > div > div:first-child
+{
+  flex-direction: column;
+  justify-content: flex-start;
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .posts-main-area > div > div:last-child
+{
+  display: flex;
+  width: max-content;
+  height: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
+  gap: 1rem;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area[data-vertical-content] .post-list
+{
+  display: grid;
+  grid-auto-flow: column;
+  grid-auto-columns: 10rem;
+  grid-template-rows: repeat(auto-fill, min(10rem, 100%));
+  flex: none;
+  width: max-content;
+  height: 100%;
+  writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area[data-vertical-content] .post-list > a
+{
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area[data-vertical-content] nav
+{
+  flex: none;
+  align-self: flex-start;
+  margin: 0;
+  writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tags-main-area
+{
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: stretch;
+  gap: 1.5rem;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-filter
+{
+  flex: none;
+  width: min(24rem, 75vw);
+  max-width: none;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-filter h1
+{
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+  max-height: 8rem;
+  margin-block: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-filter input[type='number']
+{
+  max-width: 7rem;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-results
+{
+  display: flex;
+  flex: none;
+  gap: 1rem;
+  max-width: none;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table
+{
+  max-width: none;
+  overflow-x: visible;
+  overflow-y: auto;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table table
+{
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+  inline-size: max-content;
+  block-size: max-content;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table col
+{
+  width: auto;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table :is(th, td)
+{
+  min-inline-size: 2rem;
+  max-inline-size: 16rem;
+  text-align: start;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table thead
+{
+  border-bottom: 0;
+  border-block-end: 2px solid currentColor;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table td:nth-child(2),
+[data-vertical-preview] .tag-list-table time
+{
+  writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] :is(.sidebar, .tag-list-table, .wiki-main-area) .tag-marquee,
+[data-vertical-preview] :is(.sidebar, .tag-list-table, .wiki-main-area) .tag-marquee__static
+{
+  white-space: normal;
+  overflow: visible;
+  text-overflow: clip;
+  max-inline-size: 16rem;
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] :is(.sidebar, .tag-list-table, .wiki-main-area) .tag-marquee__animated
+{
+  display: none;
+}
+
+/* Prose flows through the viewport height and grows into columns on the right. */
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area
+{
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 1rem;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area > div
+{
+  flex: none;
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area > div > span
+{
+  writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article,
+[data-vertical-preview] .posts-main-area .localised-document
+{
+  writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+  inline-size: 100%;
+  block-size: max-content;
+  max-width: none;
+  margin: 0;
+  flex: none;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area[data-vertical-content] .localised-document
+{
+  max-width: none;
+  overflow: visible;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article :is(h1, h2, h3, h4, p, ul, ol, blockquote)
+{
+  margin: 0;
+  margin-block: 1em;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article :is(ul, ol)
+{
+  padding: 0;
+  padding-inline-start: 1.5em;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article :is(img, video, iframe, svg)
+{
+  writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+  max-height: 100%;
+  max-width: none;
+  object-fit: contain;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article :is(pre, table, .not-prose),
+[data-vertical-preview] .main-area[data-vertical-content] :is(code, time, input, select, textarea)
+{
+  writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+  text-orientation: mixed;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article :is(pre, table, .not-prose)
+{
+  display: inline-block;
+  max-height: 100%;
+  max-width: min(48rem, 80vw);
+  overflow: auto;
+  vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area article .not-prose
+{
+  width: max-content;
+  height: 100%;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area .not-prose > div
+{
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  height: 100%;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+
+[data-vertical-preview] .wiki-main-area .not-prose > div > div:last-child
+{
+  flex: 1;
+  min-height: 0;
+}
+
+@media (min-width: 768px)
+{
+  [data-vertical-preview].app-layout
+  {
+    flex-direction: row;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-layout
+  {
+    display: flex;
+    width: max-content;
+    max-width: 50vw;
+    height: 100%;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-bar
+  {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    flex: none;
+    width: 7rem;
+    height: 100%;
+    padding: .5rem;
+    gap: .5rem;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-primary
+  {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    flex: 1;
+    min-height: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: auto;
+    overflow-y: auto;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-brand-link
+  {
+    writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+    text-orientation: mixed;
+    max-height: 9rem;
+    white-space: normal;
+    margin-block: .5rem;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-desktop-menu
+  {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: auto;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-desktop-menu > div:not(.top-nav-highlight)
+  {
+    width: 100%;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-desktop-menu .top-nav-menu-link
+  {
+    justify-content: center;
+    width: 100%;
+    min-height: 3rem;
+    height: auto;
+    padding: .5rem;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-menu-link > :not(svg, select),
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-more-menu h2
+  {
+    writing-mode: vertical-lr;
+    text-orientation: mixed;
+    max-height: 9rem;
+    white-space: normal;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-highlight
+  {
+    inset-inline-start: 0;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-account
+  {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    width: 100%;
+    margin: 0;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-account .top-nav-user-desktop
+  {
+    max-width: 100%;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-locale-name
+  {
+    display: inline;
+    writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-desktop-submenu
+  {
+    min-width: 0;
+    height: 100%;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-submenu-content
+  {
+    width: max-content;
+    max-width: 35vw;
+    height: 100%;
+    overflow-y: auto;
+    overflow-x: hidden;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] :is(.top-nav-submenu-items, .top-nav-more-links)
+  {
+    flex-direction: column;
+    flex-wrap: nowrap;
+    align-items: stretch;
+  }
+
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-submenu-items .top-nav-menu-link
+  {
+    justify-content: center;
+  }
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 767px)
+{
+  [data-vertical-preview] .top-nav-layout
+  {
+    max-height: 50dvh;
+    overflow-y: auto;
+  }
+}

frontend/src/lib/locales.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ export const localeFromPath = (pathname: string): LocaleCode | null => {
 }
 
 
+// A development-only layout route; API and dictionary locales stay unchanged.
+export const isVerticalPreviewPath = (pathname: string): boolean =>
+    import.meta.env.DEV && /^\/mn-Mong(?:[/?#]|$)/.test (pathname)
+
+
 export const resolveViewingLocale = (
     pathname: string,
     routeLocale?: unknown,
@@ -40,20 +45,22 @@ export const currentViewingLocale = (): LocaleCode =>
 
 
 export const unlocalisedPath = (pathname: string): string => {
-  const locale = localeFromPath (pathname)
+  const locale = isVerticalPreviewPath (pathname) ? 'mn-Mong' : localeFromPath (pathname)
   return locale == null ? pathname : pathname.slice (locale.length + 1) || '/'
 }
 
 
-export const localiseTo = (to: To, locale: LocaleCode): To => {
+export const localiseTo = (to: To, locale: LocaleCode, viewingPath = ''): To => {
   const pathname = typeof to === 'string' ? to : to.pathname
   if (pathname == null
       || !(pathname.startsWith ('/'))
       || pathname.startsWith ('//')
-      || localeFromPath (pathname) != null)
+      || localeFromPath (pathname) != null
+      || isVerticalPreviewPath (pathname))
     return to
 
-  const localised = `/${ locale }${ pathname }`
+  const prefix = isVerticalPreviewPath (viewingPath) ? 'mn-Mong' : locale
+  const localised = `/${ prefix }${ pathname }`
   return typeof to === 'string' ? localised : { ...to, pathname: localised }
 }
 
@@ -73,7 +80,8 @@ export const legacyLocalePath = (
     location: { pathname: string; search: string; hash: string },
     isPage: (pathname: string) => boolean = () => false,
 ): string | null => {
-  if (localeFromPath (location.pathname) != null || !isPage (location.pathname))
+  if (localeFromPath (location.pathname) != null
+      || isVerticalPreviewPath (location.pathname) || !isPage (location.pathname))
     return null
   return switchLocalePath (location, automaticallySelectedLocale ())
 }

frontend/src/lib/useLocale.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback } from 'react'
 import { useLocation, useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom'
 
-import { localiseTo, resolveViewingLocale } from '@/lib/locales'
+import { isVerticalPreviewPath, localiseTo, resolveViewingLocale } from '@/lib/locales'
 
 import type { NavigateFunction, NavigateOptions, To } from 'react-router-dom'
 
@@ -18,10 +18,15 @@ export const useLocale = (): LocaleCode => {
 export const useLocaleNavigate = (): NavigateFunction => {
   const navigate = useNavigate ()
   const locale = useLocale ()
+  const { pathname } = useLocation ()
   return useCallback ((to: To | number, options?: NavigateOptions) => {
     if (typeof to === 'number')
       navigate (to)
     else
-      navigate (localiseTo (to, locale), options)
-  }, [locale, navigate])
+      navigate (localiseTo (to, locale, pathname), options)
+  }, [locale, navigate, pathname])
 }
+
+
+export const useVerticalPreview = (): boolean =>
+    isVerticalPreviewPath (useLocation ().pathname)

frontend/src/pages/posts/PostListPage.tsx

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ const PostListPage: FC = () => {
 				    JSON.stringify (statesToSave))
 	}}/>
 
-	<MainArea>
+	<MainArea className="posts-main-area" verticalContent>
 	  <TabGroup
 	      rightAddon={
 		  <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">

frontend/src/pages/tags/TagListPage.tsx

@@ -220,10 +220,10 @@ const TagListPage: FC = () => {
   }), [page, totalPages, location.search]))
 
   return (
-      <MainArea className="min-w-0">
+      <MainArea className="tags-main-area min-w-0" verticalContent>
 	<PageHead title={message ('title')}/>
 
-	<div className="max-w-xl">
+	<div className="tag-list-filter max-w-xl">
 	  <div className="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3">
 	    <PageTitle>{label ('title')}</PageTitle>
 	    <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
@@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ const TagListPage: FC = () => {
 
 	{isError && <p role="alert">{label ('common:fetchError')}</p>}
 	{loading ? label ('common:loading') : (results.length > 0 ? (
-	    <div className="mt-4 min-w-0 max-w-full">
-	      <div className="min-w-0 max-w-full overflow-x-auto">
+	    <div className="tag-list-results mt-4 min-w-0 max-w-full">
+	      <div className="tag-list-table min-w-0 max-w-full overflow-x-auto">
 		<table className="w-full min-w-[2000px] table-auto border-collapse">
 		  <colgroup>
 		    <col className="w-72"/>

frontend/src/pages/wiki/WikiDetailPage.tsx

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ const WikiDetailPage: FC = () => {
     return <NotFound/>
 
   return (
-      <MainArea>
+      <MainArea className="wiki-main-area" verticalContent>
 	<PageHead title={{
 	    text: `${displayTitle}${deprecated
 		? message ('labels.deprecatedSuffix').text : ''} Wiki`,