backend/app/controllers/posts_controller.rb

@@ -127,17 +127,20 @@ class PostsController < ApplicationController
     post = Post.new(title:, url:, thumbnail_base: nil, uploaded_user: current_user,
                     original_created_from:, original_created_before:)
     post.thumbnail.attach(thumbnail)
-    if post.save
-      post.resized_thumbnail!
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+      post.save!
       tags = Tag.normalise_tags(tag_names)
       tags = Tag.expand_parent_tags(tags)
       sync_post_tags!(post, tags)
+      post.resized_thumbnail!
+      PostVersionRecorder.record!(post:, event_type: :create, created_by_user: current_user)
+    end
 
     post.reload
     render json: PostRepr.base(post), status: :created
-    else
+  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
     render json: { errors: post.errors.full_messages }, status: :unprocessable_entity
-    end
   rescue Tag::NicoTagNormalisationError
     head :bad_request
   end
@@ -166,19 +169,22 @@ class PostsController < ApplicationController
     original_created_before = params[:original_created_before]
 
     post = Post.find(params[:id].to_i)
-    if post.update(title:, original_created_from:, original_created_before:)
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+      post.update!(title:, original_created_from:, original_created_before:)
       tags = post.tags.where(category: 'nico').to_a +
              Tag.normalise_tags(tag_names, with_tagme: false)
       tags = Tag.expand_parent_tags(tags)
       sync_post_tags!(post, tags)
+      PostVersionRecorder.record!(post:, event_type: :update, created_by_user: current_user)
+    end
 
     post.reload
     json = post.as_json
     json['tags'] = build_tag_tree_for(post.tags)
     render json:, status: :ok
-    else
+  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
     render json: post.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity
-    end
   rescue Tag::NicoTagNormalisationError
     head :bad_request
   end

backend/app/models/post.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ class Post < ApplicationRecord
 
   has_many :user_post_views, dependent: :delete_all
   has_many :post_similarities, dependent: :delete_all
+  has_many :post_versions
 
   has_one_attached :thumbnail
 
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ class Post < ApplicationRecord
     super(options).merge(thumbnail: nil)
   end
 
+  def snapshot_tag_names = tags.joins(:tag_name).order('tag_names.name').pluck('tag_names.name')
+
   def related limit: nil
     ids = post_similarities.order(cos: :desc)
     ids = ids.limit(limit) if limit

backend/app/models/post_version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+class PostVersion < ApplicationRecord
+  before_update do
+    raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord, '版は更新できません．'
+  end
+
+  before_destroy do
+    raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord, '版は削除できません．'
+  end
+
+  belongs_to :post
+  belongs_to :parent, class_name: 'Post', optional: true
+  belongs_to :created_by_user, class_name: 'User', optional: true
+
+  enum :event_type, { create: 'create',
+                      update: 'update',
+                      discard: 'discard',
+                      restore: 'restore' }, prefix: true, validate: true
+
+  validates :version_no, presence: true, numericality: { only_integer: true, greater_than: 0 }
+  validates :event_type, presence: true, inclusion: { in: event_types.keys }
+  validates :url, presence: true
+
+  validate :validate_original_created_range
+
+  scope :chronological, -> { order(:version_no, :id) }
+
+  private
+
+  def validate_original_created_range
+    f = original_created_from
+    b = original_created_before
+    return if f.blank? || b.blank?
+
+    if f >= b
+      errors.add :original_created_before, 'オリジナルの作成日時の順番がをかしぃです．'
+    end
+  end
+end

backend/app/models/tag.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+require 'set'
+
+
 class Tag < ApplicationRecord
   include MyDiscard
 
@@ -150,6 +153,8 @@ class Tag < ApplicationRecord
   def self.merge_tags! target_tag, source_tags
     target_tag => Tag
 
+    affected_post_ids = Set.new
+
     Tag.transaction do
       Array(source_tags).compact.uniq.each do |source_tag|
         source_tag => Tag
@@ -158,6 +163,7 @@ class Tag < ApplicationRecord
 
         source_tag.post_tags.kept.find_each do |source_pt|
           post_id = source_pt.post_id
+          affected_post_ids << post_id
           source_pt.discard_by!(nil)
           unless PostTag.kept.exists?(post_id:, tag: target_tag)
             PostTag.create!(post_id:, tag: target_tag)
@@ -180,6 +186,10 @@ class Tag < ApplicationRecord
         end
       end
 
+      Post.where(id: affected_post_ids.to_a).find_each do |post|
+        PostVersionRecorder.record!(post:, event_type: :update, created_by_user: nil)
+      end
+
       # 投稿件数を再集計
       target_tag.update_columns(post_count: PostTag.kept.where(tag: target_tag).count)
     end

backend/app/services/post_version_recorder.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+class PostVersionRecorder
+  def self.record! post:, event_type:, created_by_user:
+    new(post:, event_type:, created_by_user:).record!
+  end
+
+  def initialize post:, event_type:, created_by_user:
+    @post = post
+    @event_type = event_type
+    @created_by_user = created_by_user
+  end
+
+  def record!
+    @post.with_lock do
+      latest = @post.post_versions.order(version_no: :desc).first
+      attrs = snapshot_attributes
+
+      return latest if @event_type == :update && latest && same_snapshot?(latest, attrs)
+
+      PostVersion.create!(
+          post: @post,
+          version_no: (latest&.version_no || 0) + 1,
+          event_type: @event_type,
+          title: attrs[:title],
+          url: attrs[:url],
+          thumbnail_base: attrs[:thumbnail_base],
+          tags: attrs[:tags],
+          parent: attrs[:parent],
+          original_created_from: attrs[:original_created_from],
+          original_created_before: attrs[:original_created_before],
+          created_at: Time.current,
+          created_by_user: @created_by_user)
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def snapshot_attributes
+    { title: @post.title,
+      url: @post.url,
+      thumbnail_base: @post.thumbnail_base,
+      tags: @post.snapshot_tag_names.join(' '),
+      parent: @post.parent,
+      original_created_from: @post.original_created_from,
+      original_created_before: @post.original_created_before }
+  end
+
+  def same_snapshot? version, attrs
+    true &&
+        version.title == attrs[:title] &&
+        version.url == attrs[:url] &&
+        version.thumbnail_base == attrs[:thumbnail_base] &&
+        version.tags == attrs[:tags] &&
+        version.parent_id == attrs[:parent]&.id &&
+        version.original_created_from == attrs[:original_created_from] &&
+        version.original_created_before == attrs[:original_created_before]
+  end
+end

backend/db/migrate/20260409123700_create_post_versions.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+require 'set'
+
+
+class CreatePostVersions < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  class Post < ApplicationRecord
+    self.table_name = 'posts'
+  end
+
+  class PostTag < ApplicationRecord
+    self.table_name = 'post_tags'
+  end
+
+  class PostVersion < ApplicationRecord
+    self.table_name = 'post_versions'
+  end
+
+  def up
+    create_table :post_versions do |t|
+      t.references :post, null: false, foreign_key: true
+      t.integer :version_no, null: false
+      t.string :event_type, null: false
+      t.string :title
+      t.string :url, limit: 768, null: false
+      t.string :thumbnail_base, limit: 2000
+      t.text :tags, null: false
+      t.references :parent, foreign_key: { to_table: :posts }
+      t.datetime :original_created_from
+      t.datetime :original_created_before
+      t.datetime :created_at, null: false
+      t.references :created_by_user, foreign_key: { to_table: :users }
+
+      t.index [:post_id, :version_no], unique: true
+      t.check_constraint 'version_no > 0',
+                         name: 'post_versions_version_no_positive'
+      t.check_constraint "event_type IN ('create', 'update', 'discard', 'restore')",
+                         name: 'post_versions_event_type_valid'
+    end
+
+    PostVersion.reset_column_information
+
+    say_with_time 'Backfilling post_versions' do
+      Post.find_in_batches(batch_size: 500) do |posts|
+        post_ids = posts.map(&:id)
+
+        post_tag_rows_by_post_id =
+            PostTag
+            .joins('INNER JOIN tags ON tags.id = post_tags.tag_id')
+            .joins('INNER JOIN tag_names ON tag_names.id = tags.tag_name_id')
+            .where(post_id: post_ids)
+            .pluck('post_tags.post_id',
+                   'post_tags.created_at',
+                   'post_tags.discarded_at',
+                   'post_tags.created_user_id',
+                   'post_tags.deleted_user_id',
+                   'tag_names.name')
+            .each_with_object(Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }) do |row, h|
+              post_id, created_at, discarded_at, created_user_id, deleted_user_id, tag_name = row
+              h[post_id] << { created_at:,
+                              discarded_at:,
+                              created_user_id:,
+                              deleted_user_id:,
+                              tag_name: }
+            end
+
+        rows = []
+
+        posts.each do |post|
+          post_tag_rows = post_tag_rows_by_post_id[post.id]
+
+          events = post_tag_rows.flat_map do |post_tag_row|
+            ary = [[post_tag_row[:created_at],
+                    post_tag_row[:created_user_id],
+                    :add,
+                    post_tag_row[:tag_name]]]
+
+            if post_tag_row[:discarded_at]
+              ary << [post_tag_row[:discarded_at],
+                      post_tag_row[:deleted_user_id],
+                      :remove,
+                      post_tag_row[:tag_name]]
+            end
+
+            ary
+          end
+
+          kind_order = { add: 0, remove: 1 }
+
+          events.sort_by! do |event_at, user_id, kind, tag_name|
+            [event_at, user_id || 0, kind_order.fetch(kind), tag_name]
+          end
+
+          event_buckets = bucket_events(events)
+
+          active_tags = Set.new
+          version_no = 0
+
+          if event_buckets.empty?
+            version_no += 1
+            rows << build_row(post:,
+                              version_no:,
+                              event_type: 'create',
+                              created_at: post.created_at,
+                              created_by_user_id: post.uploaded_user_id,
+                              tags: [])
+            next
+          end
+
+          first_bucket = event_buckets.first
+          merge_first_bucket_into_create = first_bucket[:first_at] <= post.created_at + 1.second
+
+          if merge_first_bucket_into_create
+            event_buckets.shift
+            apply_bucket!(active_tags, first_bucket)
+
+            version_no += 1
+            rows << build_row(
+                post:,
+                version_no:,
+                event_type: 'create',
+                created_at: post.created_at,
+                created_by_user_id: post.uploaded_user_id || first_bucket[:user_ids].compact.first,
+                tags: active_tags.to_a.sort)
+          else
+            version_no += 1
+            rows << build_row(
+                post:,
+                version_no:,
+                event_type: 'create',
+                created_at: post.created_at,
+                created_by_user_id: post.uploaded_user_id,
+                tags: [])
+          end
+
+          event_buckets.each do |bucket|
+            apply_bucket!(active_tags, bucket)
+
+            version_no += 1
+            rows << build_row(
+                post:,
+                version_no:,
+                event_type: 'update',
+                created_at: bucket[:first_at],
+                created_by_user_id: bucket[:user_ids].compact.first,
+                tags: active_tags.to_a.sort)
+          end
+        end
+
+        PostVersion.insert_all!(rows) if rows.any?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def down
+    drop_table :post_versions
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def bucket_events events
+    buckets = []
+
+    events.each do |event_at, user_id, kind, tag_name|
+      if buckets.empty? || event_at - buckets.last[:last_at] > 1.second
+        buckets << { first_at: event_at,
+                     last_at: event_at,
+                     user_ids: [user_id],
+                     events: [[kind, tag_name]] }
+      else
+        bucket = buckets.last
+        bucket[:last_at] = event_at
+        bucket[:user_ids] << user_id
+        bucket[:events] << [kind, tag_name]
+      end
+    end
+
+    buckets
+  end
+
+  def apply_bucket! active_tags, bucket
+    bucket[:events].each do |kind, tag_name|
+      if kind == :add
+        active_tags.add(tag_name)
+      else
+        active_tags.delete(tag_name)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def build_row post:, version_no:, event_type:, created_at:, created_by_user_id:, tags:
+    { post_id: post.id,
+      version_no:,
+      event_type:,
+      title: post.title,
+      url: post.url,
+      thumbnail_base: post.thumbnail_base,
+      tags: tags.join(' '),
+      parent_id: post.parent_id,
+      original_created_from: post.original_created_from,
+      original_created_before: post.original_created_before,
+      created_at:,
+      created_by_user_id: }
+  end
+end

backend/db/schema.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2026_03_29_034700) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2026_04_09_123700) do
   create_table "active_storage_attachments", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.string "name", null: false
     t.string "record_type", null: false
@@ -132,6 +132,27 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2026_03_29_034700) do
     t.index ["tag_id"], name: "index_post_tags_on_tag_id"
   end
 
+  create_table "post_versions", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    t.bigint "post_id", null: false
+    t.integer "version_no", null: false
+    t.string "event_type", null: false
+    t.string "title"
+    t.string "url", limit: 768, null: false
+    t.string "thumbnail_base", limit: 2000
+    t.text "tags", null: false
+    t.bigint "parent_id"
+    t.datetime "original_created_from"
+    t.datetime "original_created_before"
+    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
+    t.bigint "created_by_user_id"
+    t.index ["created_by_user_id"], name: "index_post_versions_on_created_by_user_id"
+    t.index ["parent_id"], name: "index_post_versions_on_parent_id"
+    t.index ["post_id", "version_no"], name: "index_post_versions_on_post_id_and_version_no", unique: true
+    t.index ["post_id"], name: "index_post_versions_on_post_id"
+    t.check_constraint "`event_type` in (_utf8mb4'create',_utf8mb4'update',_utf8mb4'discard',_utf8mb4'restore')", name: "post_versions_event_type_valid"
+    t.check_constraint "`version_no` > 0", name: "post_versions_version_no_positive"
+  end
+
   create_table "posts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.string "title"
     t.string "url", limit: 768, null: false
@@ -362,6 +383,9 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2026_03_29_034700) do
   add_foreign_key "post_tags", "tags"
   add_foreign_key "post_tags", "users", column: "created_user_id"
   add_foreign_key "post_tags", "users", column: "deleted_user_id"
+  add_foreign_key "post_versions", "posts"
+  add_foreign_key "post_versions", "posts", column: "parent_id"
+  add_foreign_key "post_versions", "users", column: "created_by_user_id"
   add_foreign_key "posts", "posts", column: "parent_id"
   add_foreign_key "posts", "users", column: "uploaded_user_id"
   add_foreign_key "settings", "users"

backend/lib/tasks/sync_nico.rake

@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ namespace :nico do
       original_created_from = original_created_at&.change(sec: 0)
       original_created_before = original_created_from&.+(1.minute)
 
+      post_created = false
+      post_changed = false
+
       if post
         attrs = { title:, original_created_from:, original_created_before: }
 
@@ -76,11 +79,13 @@ namespace :nico do
         end
 
         post.assign_attributes(attrs)
-        if post.changed?
+        post_changed = post.changed?
+        if post_changed
           post.save!
           post.resized_thumbnail! if post.thumbnail.attached?
         end
       else
+        post_created = true
         url = "https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/#{ code }"
         thumbnail_base = fetch_thumbnail.(url) rescue nil
         post = Post.new(title:, url:, thumbnail_base:, uploaded_user: nil,
@@ -140,6 +145,12 @@ namespace :nico do
       desired_all_tag_ids.uniq!
 
       sync_post_tags!(post, desired_all_tag_ids, current_tag_ids: kept_tag_ids)
+
+      if post_created
+        PostVersionRecorder.record!(post:, event_type: :create, created_by_user: nil)
+      elsif post_changed || kept_tag_ids != desired_all_tag_ids.to_set
+        PostVersionRecorder.record!(post:, event_type: :update, created_by_user: nil)
+      end
     end
   end
 end

backend/spec/models/post_version_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe PostVersion, type: :model do
+  let!(:tag_name) { TagName.create!(name: 'post_version_spec_tag') }
+  let!(:tag) { Tag.create!(tag_name: tag_name, category: :general) }
+
+  let!(:post_record) do
+    Post.create!(title: 'spec post', url: 'https://example.com/post-version-spec').tap do |post|
+      PostTag.create!(post: post, tag: tag)
+    end
+  end
+
+  let!(:post_version) do
+    PostVersion.create!(
+      post: post_record,
+      version_no: 1,
+      event_type: 'create',
+      title: post_record.title,
+      url: post_record.url,
+      thumbnail_base: post_record.thumbnail_base,
+      tags: post_record.snapshot_tag_names.join(' '),
+      parent: post_record.parent,
+      original_created_from: post_record.original_created_from,
+      original_created_before: post_record.original_created_before,
+      created_at: Time.current,
+      created_by_user: nil
+    )
+  end
+
+  it 'is read only after create' do
+    expect do
+      post_version.update!(title: 'changed')
+    end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord)
+  end
+
+  it 'cannot be destroyed' do
+    expect do
+      post_version.destroy!
+    end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord)
+  end
+end

backend/spec/requests/posts_spec.rb

@@ -795,4 +795,127 @@ RSpec.describe 'Posts API', type: :request do
       expect(user.reload.viewed?(post_record)).to be(false)
     end
   end
+
+  describe 'post versioning' do
+    let(:member) { create(:user, :member) }
+
+    def snapshot_tags(post)
+      post.snapshot_tag_names.join(' ')
+    end
+
+    def create_post_version_for!(post)
+      PostVersion.create!(
+        post: post,
+        version_no: 1,
+        event_type: 'create',
+        title: post.title,
+        url: post.url,
+        thumbnail_base: post.thumbnail_base,
+        tags: snapshot_tags(post),
+        parent: post.parent,
+        original_created_from: post.original_created_from,
+        original_created_before: post.original_created_before,
+        created_at: post.created_at,
+        created_by_user: post.uploaded_user
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'creates version 1 on POST /posts' do
+      sign_in_as(member)
+
+      expect do
+        post '/posts', params: {
+          title: 'versioned post',
+          url: 'https://example.com/versioned-post',
+          tags: 'spec_tag',
+          thumbnail: dummy_upload
+        }
+      end.to change(PostVersion, :count).by(1)
+
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:created)
+
+      created_post = Post.find(json.fetch('id'))
+      version = PostVersion.find_by!(post: created_post, version_no: 1)
+
+      expect(version.event_type).to eq('create')
+      expect(version.title).to eq('versioned post')
+      expect(version.url).to eq('https://example.com/versioned-post')
+      expect(version.created_by_user_id).to eq(member.id)
+      expect(version.tags).to eq(snapshot_tags(created_post))
+    end
+
+    it 'creates next version on PUT /posts/:id when snapshot changes' do
+      sign_in_as(member)
+      create_post_version_for!(post_record)
+
+      tag_name2 = TagName.create!(name: 'spec_tag_2')
+      Tag.create!(tag_name: tag_name2, category: :general)
+
+      expect do
+        put "/posts/#{post_record.id}", params: {
+          title: 'updated title',
+          tags: 'spec_tag_2'
+        }
+      end.to change(PostVersion, :count).by(1)
+
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
+
+      version = post_record.reload.post_versions.order(:version_no).last
+      expect(version.version_no).to eq(2)
+      expect(version.event_type).to eq('update')
+      expect(version.title).to eq('updated title')
+      expect(version.created_by_user_id).to eq(member.id)
+      expect(version.tags).to eq(snapshot_tags(post_record.reload))
+    end
+
+    it 'does not create a new version on PUT /posts/:id when snapshot is unchanged' do
+      sign_in_as(member)
+      create_post_version_for!(post_record)
+
+      expect do
+        put "/posts/#{post_record.id}", params: {
+          title: post_record.title,
+          tags: 'spec_tag'
+        }
+      end.not_to change(PostVersion, :count)
+
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:ok)
+
+      version = post_record.reload.post_versions.order(:version_no).last
+      expect(version.version_no).to eq(1)
+      expect(version.event_type).to eq('create')
+      expect(version.tags).to eq(snapshot_tags(post_record))
+    end
+
+    it 'does not create a version when POST /posts is invalid' do
+      sign_in_as(member)
+
+      expect do
+        post '/posts', params: {
+          title: 'invalid post',
+          url: 'ぼざクリタグ広場',
+          tags: 'spec_tag',
+          thumbnail: dummy_upload
+        }
+      end.not_to change(PostVersion, :count)
+
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not create a version when PUT /posts/:id is invalid' do
+      sign_in_as(member)
+      create_post_version_for!(post_record)
+
+      expect do
+        put "/posts/#{post_record.id}", params: {
+          title: 'updated title',
+          tags: 'spec_tag',
+          original_created_from: Time.zone.local(2020, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0).iso8601,
+          original_created_before: Time.zone.local(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0).iso8601
+        }
+      end.not_to change(PostVersion, :count)
+
+      expect(response).to have_http_status(:unprocessable_entity)
+    end
+  end
 end